CBET flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Cardiac output formula

Cardiac output equals heart rate multiplied by stroke volume; a typical resting adult value is about five liters per minute.

Sinoatrial node intrinsic rate

The SA node, the heart's primary pacemaker, normally fires at 60 to 100 beats per minute; the AV node fires at 40 to 60.

ECG waves and intervals

The P wave is atrial depolarization, the QRS complex is ventricular depolarization, and the T wave is ventricular repolarization; a normal PR interval is 0.12 to 0.20 second.

Mean arterial pressure formula

MAP approximately equals diastolic pressure plus one third of the pulse pressure, which is systolic minus diastolic; normal MAP is roughly 70 to 100 mmHg.

Nephron filtration rate

Each kidney contains about one million nephrons; combined glomerular filtration rate is roughly 125 mL per minute, regulating fluid, electrolytes, and acid-base balance.

Autonomic nervous system divisions

The sympathetic division mediates fight-or-flight responses such as tachycardia, while the parasympathetic division, largely via the vagus nerve, slows the heart and promotes digestion.

Ohm's law

Voltage equals current multiplied by resistance (V = IR); rearranged, current equals voltage divided by resistance and resistance equals voltage divided by current.

Electrical power formulas

Electrical power equals voltage times current (P = VI), and equivalently P = I squared times R or P = V squared divided by R.

Series versus parallel resistance

In series, resistances simply add and current is common; in parallel, conductances add, so total resistance is less than the smallest branch and voltage is common.

Capacitive and inductive reactance

Capacitive reactance is one divided by two pi f C and decreases as frequency rises; inductive reactance is two pi f L and increases with frequency.

Root mean square voltage

For a sine wave, RMS voltage equals peak voltage divided by the square root of two, about 0.707 times peak; 120 V mains corresponds to about 170 V peak.

Patient leakage current limits

Under IEC 60601, patient leakage current must not exceed 100 microamps in normal condition or 500 microamps under single-fault condition for patient-connected equipment.

HL7 version 2 message types

HL7 v2 messages include ADT for admissions and demographics, ORM for orders, and ORU for observation results; segments are separated by carriage returns and fields by pipe characters.

DICOM standard purpose

DICOM defines file formats and network services for medical images, letting modalities, workstations, and PACS store, query, and retrieve studies across different vendors.

HIPAA security safeguards

The HIPAA Security Rule requires administrative, physical, and technical safeguards for electronic protected health information, including access control, audit logs, and encryption of transmitted data.

DHCP versus DNS

DHCP automatically assigns IP addresses and related network settings to devices, while DNS resolves human-readable host names into numeric IP addresses.

TCP versus UDP

TCP is connection-oriented and guarantees ordered delivery with acknowledgments, while UDP is connectionless and does not guarantee delivery, making it suitable for real-time streams.

Pulse oximeter wavelengths

Pulse oximeters compare light absorption at approximately 660 nanometers (red) and 940 nanometers (infrared) to compute the ratio of oxygenated to deoxygenated hemoglobin.

End-tidal CO2 normal range

Capnography measures exhaled carbon dioxide; end-tidal CO2 in a healthy adult is 35 to 45 mmHg, and a sudden drop may indicate airway disconnection.

Lung-protective tidal volume

Ventilators are typically set to deliver 6 to 8 milliliters of tidal volume per kilogram of predicted body weight to reduce ventilator-induced lung injury.

Defibrillation energy settings

Biphasic defibrillators typically deliver 120 to 200 joules per shock, while older monophasic devices may use up to 360 joules.

Electrosurgical return electrode

Monopolar electrosurgery requires a large-area return electrode on the patient, and return electrode monitoring circuitry detects pad detachment to prevent burns.

CT Hounsfield unit scale

Hounsfield units express CT attenuation: water is zero, air is about minus 1000, and dense bone is near plus 1000, allowing tissue contrast to be windowed.

Half-split troubleshooting method

The half-split method divides a system into sections and tests the midpoint first, reducing the number of checks needed to isolate a faulty stage.

Protective earth resistance limit

Grounding resistance measured from the plug's ground pin to exposed chassis metal should not exceed 0.2 ohm on patient-care equipment.

Components checked first

Power cords, fuses, batteries, connectors, and transducers fail most often, so they are verified before deeper circuit-level diagnosis begins.

Five Whys technique

Repeatedly asking why a failure occurred, typically five times, drives the analysis from the observed symptom toward the underlying process root cause.

CMMS work order record

A computerized maintenance management system records each repair's complaint, findings, parts used, and labor, providing device history needed for regulatory surveys.

Fire extinguisher classes

Class A is ordinary combustibles, B flammable liquids, C energized electrical equipment, and D combustible metals; water must never be used on a Class C fire.

PASS fire extinguisher use

PASS stands for Pull the pin, Aim at the base of the fire, Squeeze the handle, and Sweep the nozzle side to side across the fire.

Medical gas cylinder colors

In the United States, oxygen cylinders are green, nitrous oxide blue, nitrogen black, carbon dioxide gray, and medical air yellow.

ALARA radiation principle

ALARA means keeping radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable using time, distance, and shielding; intensity falls with the square of distance.