CEOE cheat sheet

The five essential components of reading instruction are phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension; phonemic awareness is oral, phonics is print-based.

Bloom's revised taxonomy, in ascending order: Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyze, Evaluate, Create.

Formative assessment occurs during instruction and adjusts teaching; summative assessment measures achievement after instruction.

Reliability is the consistency of scores across occasions, forms, or raters; validity is the degree to which a test measures what it claims to measure.

Criterion-referenced tests compare performance to a fixed standard; norm-referenced tests compare a student to a normative peer group (standard scores typically mean 100, SD 15).

Piaget's stages in order: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational.

Vygotsky's zone of proximal development is the gap between what a learner can do independently and what the learner can do with adult or peer scaffolding.

Reading fluency comprises accuracy, automatic rate, and prosody (expression); it mediates comprehension.

IDEA guarantees a free appropriate public education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environment, plus an IEP, nondiscriminatory evaluation, due process, and parent participation.

An IEP must state present levels of performance, measurable annual goals, special education and related services, accommodations, and progress-monitoring methods.

RTI is a three-tier framework: Tier 1 universal core instruction, Tier 2 targeted small-group intervention, Tier 3 intensive individualized intervention with frequent progress monitoring.

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act prohibits disability-based discrimination and provides accommodations; its eligibility is broader than IDEA's 13 disability categories.

Related services include speech-language therapy, occupational therapy, physical therapy, counseling, school health services, and transportation.

A functional behavioral assessment (FBA) identifies the antecedents and consequences maintaining a behavior and precedes a behavior intervention plan (BIP).

A speech-language pathology assistant delivers therapy activities and documentation under SLP supervision and does not diagnose or design treatment plans independently.

Transition planning and services must be included in the IEP no later than age 16 (earlier in some states).

Newton's second law is F = ma; the third law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Kinetic energy KE = 1/2 mv^2; gravitational potential energy PE = mgh.

Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy yields C6H12O6 + 6O2, occurring in chloroplasts.

Organelle functions: mitochondria produce ATP via respiration, ribosomes synthesize proteins, chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis.

Atomic number equals the number of protons; mass number equals protons plus neutrons.

pH = -log[H+]; values below 7 are acidic, above 7 basic, and 7 is neutral on a logarithmic scale.

The quadratic formula is x = (-b +/- sqrt(b^2 - 4ac)) / 2a; the discriminant b^2 - 4ac determines the number of real roots.

Binary is base 2 (digits 0 and 1), one byte equals eight bits, and the engineering design process cycles through defining a problem, prototyping, testing, and iterating.

The six traits of writing are ideas, organization, voice, word choice, sentence fluency, and conventions.

A simile compares using 'like' or 'as'; a metaphor asserts one thing is another; personification gives human traits to nonhuman things.

Narrative arc: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution.

Expository text structures include chronological, compare-contrast, cause-effect, problem-solution, and description.

Active voice places the actor in the subject position; passive voice places the receiver in the subject position and often obscures agency.

An argumentative essay contains a claim, supporting evidence, reasoning, a counterclaim, and a rebuttal.

MLA style is standard in English and humanities; APA style is standard in education, psychology, and the social sciences.

Oklahoma became the 46th state on November 16, 1907, uniting Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory; the Land Run of 1889 opened the Unassigned Lands.

The U.S. Constitution's checks and balances include veto and override, judicial review, Senate confirmation, and impeachment.

The Bill of Rights consists of the first ten amendments, ratified in 1791.

Core economic concepts: scarcity, opportunity cost, supply and demand, incentives, and GDP as a measure of output.

Spanish ser conveys identity, origin, and inherent traits; estar conveys location, condition, and temporary states.

Latin nouns fall into five declensions and use the cases nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, and ablative.

Sequoyah created the Cherokee syllabary, a set of 85 characters, in the early nineteenth century.

The elements of art are line, shape, form, value, texture, space, and color; the principles of design include balance, contrast, emphasis, movement, pattern, rhythm, and unity.

Music notation fundamentals: staff of five lines, treble and bass clefs, time signature (beats per measure over note value per beat), and dynamic markings from piano to forte.

The FITT principle - frequency, intensity, time, type - governs the design and progression of exercise programs.

Health-related fitness components are cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition.

The accounting equation is Assets = Liabilities + Equity; debits must equal credits in every transaction.

Fair use for educational copying is judged on purpose, nature of the work, amount used, and effect on the market.

A principal serves as instructional leader and building administrator; a superintendent is the district's chief executive, hired by and accountable to the elected school board.