Certyfikat Polski A2 key terms

Means first in a sequence, helping identify the initial action rather than simply selecting the first noun mentioned in a message.

Means then or afterward, connecting an action with an earlier event and helping reconstruct the intended order of a short text.

Introduces a before relationship, so the action in the other clause may need to happen earlier than the event it introduces.

Often limits timing to not until or only then in these exercises, preventing an earlier mentioned time from becoming the answer.

Means not yet, distinguishing an action that remains incomplete from one that has already happened or is no longer necessary.

Often means already in these messages, marking a completed action or changed state that must be distinguished from an earlier plan.

Means instead of, signaling replacement rather than addition, such as choosing one side dish or travel arrangement in place of another.

Can introduce an exception or an additional element depending on context, so the complete sentence must determine the practical meaning.

Mean nearer and farther, allowing comparison of locations without assuming that the first named person or place is the closest.

Can mark an endpoint or deadline in the messages, which should be distinguished from a start time or an indefinite arrangement.

Marks a range from one point to another, useful for opening hours, working periods and the boundaries of an offered time interval.

Means if and introduces a condition, so the action associated with it depends on the situation described rather than applying universally.

A polite request for repetition, useful when the listener has not understood; it does not claim that the message was already clear.

Means in that case, often introducing the decision made after new information changes the original proposal or available choice in a dialogue.

A pattern contrasting an earlier intention with another fact, requiring the listener to follow the final arrangement rather than the abandoned plan.

Asks at what time an event occurs, distinct from asking how long it lasts or which number identifies a bus route.

Asks about duration, which must be distinguished from a clock time, a starting point or the name of a day in an exchange.

Means in half an hour, locating an event after the current reference time rather than half an hour earlier or a full hour later.

Means a quarter hour earlier, requiring the listener to subtract fifteen minutes from the stated event time in a practical arrangement.

Often locates someone by or next to a landmark in these scripts, which is not necessarily an instruction to enter that place.

A common polite instruction pattern, directing an action whose object, condition and timing should be understood from the complete spoken message.

Means you do not have to, removing an obligation rather than always forbidding the action or saying that it has already happened.

Introduces a request for permission, whose final practical meaning depends on the answer and any conditions given by the other speaker.

Means not this way, signaling that the current route is wrong and that the following directions may provide the needed correction.