I85PREP
⌘ K
Intermediate Economic Law study materials
Intermediate Economic Law study resources

Intermediate Economic Law practice questions

One question at a time. Build your Intermediate Economic Law understanding.

First 50 of 200 questions. Each one lists the choices, the correct answer, and an explanation. The checker at the top of this page saves progress in this browser when it is available.

Continue in the practice tool above to load more questions, 50 at a time.

Question 1Civil Legal System and Civil Code Fundamentals

Under the Civil Code, which of the following is the minimum age at which a natural person generally acquires full capacity for civil conduct?

  1. 14 years
  2. 16 years
  3. 18 years Correct answer.
  4. 20 years

Explanation

The Civil Code provides that a natural person aged 18 or above is an adult with full capacity for civil conduct. Persons aged 16 or above whose main source of income is their own labor are treated as having full capacity, but that is an exception rather than the general rule.

Question 2Civil Legal System and Civil Code Fundamentals

A 10-year-old child receives a cash gift of 500 yuan from a relative. What is the legal effect of the child's acceptance of the gift?

  1. The acceptance is voidable at the option of the child's guardian.
  2. The acceptance is valid because it is a purely beneficial act suited to the child's age and intelligence. Correct answer.
  3. The acceptance is void because the child is a minor.
  4. The acceptance is effective only after ratification by a people's court.

Explanation

A minor aged 8 or above has limited capacity for civil conduct and may independently perform acts that are purely beneficial or appropriate to the minor's age and intelligence. Accepting a gift without burden is purely beneficial, so the acceptance is valid without guardian consent.

Question 3Civil Legal System and Civil Code Fundamentals

Which principle of the Civil Code requires civil subjects to act in good faith when exercising rights and performing obligations?

  1. The principle of good faith Correct answer.
  2. The principle of equality
  3. The principle of autonomy of will
  4. The principle of fairness

Explanation

The good faith principle obliges parties to exercise rights and perform duties honestly and in good faith. It underlies doctrines such as pre-contractual liability and the prohibition on abuse of rights.

Question 4Civil Legal System and Civil Code Fundamentals

A company uses a loophole in a contract to terminate it solely to inflict loss on the other party, gaining no benefit itself. Which principle most directly prohibits this conduct?

  1. The principle of statutory interpretation
  2. The principle of prohibition of abuse of rights Correct answer.
  3. The principle of pacta sunt servanda
  4. The principle of property protection

Explanation

The Civil Code prohibits abuse of civil rights: rights must not be exercised to harm the public interest or the lawful rights of others. Terminating a contract purely to injure the counterparty is a classic abuse of rights even if formally permitted.

Question 5Civil Legal System and Civil Code Fundamentals

Which of the following is classified as a real right (right in rem) under the Civil Code?

  1. A right to claim payment of a debt
  2. A mortgage right over another's property Correct answer.
  3. A right arising from a lease of movable property
  4. A right to demand delivery of goods under a sale

Explanation

Real rights are rights exercised directly over a thing and enforceable against the world; they include ownership, usufructuary rights, security interests and possession. A mortgage right is a security interest and thus a real right.

Question 6Civil Legal System and Civil Code Fundamentals

Which of the following best distinguishes a real right from a personal right?

  1. A real right requires registration, while a personal right never requires any formality.
  2. A real right can be asserted against the whole world, while a personal right binds only specific parties. Correct answer.
  3. A real right lasts forever, while a personal right always expires within one year.
  4. A real right arises only by statute, while a personal right arises only by contract.

Explanation

The defining feature of a real right is its absolute effect: the holder may assert it against anyone. A personal right is relative and can be enforced only against the particular obligor.

Question 7Civil Legal System and Civil Code Fundamentals

A person who, without legal basis, obtains a benefit at another's expense must return it. This obligation arises from which source of debt?

  1. Tort
  2. Unjust enrichment Correct answer.
  3. Negotiorum gestio
  4. Contract

Explanation

Unjust enrichment is a statutory source of obligations requiring restitution of a benefit obtained without legal ground. It operates independently of any agreement or wrongdoing.

Question 8Civil Legal System and Civil Code Fundamentals

A stranger voluntarily manages a neighbor's leaking roof while the neighbor is abroad, incurring reasonable costs. This conduct is best characterized as which source of obligation?

  1. Delictual liability
  2. Unjust enrichment
  3. A unilateral promise
  4. Negotiorum gestio (management of another's affairs without mandate) Correct answer.

Explanation

Negotiorum gestio arises where a person manages another's affairs without a mandate in order to protect that person's interests. The manager may claim necessary expenses reasonably incurred, provided the management suits the principal's true interests.

Question 9Civil Legal System and Civil Code Fundamentals

In general, what is the limitation period for bringing a civil claim for the protection of civil rights under the Civil Code?

  1. Three years Correct answer.
  2. Five years
  3. One year
  4. Two years

Explanation

The general limitation period is three years, running from when the right holder knew or should have known of the infringement and the obligor. Special shorter or longer periods may apply in particular cases.

Question 10Civil Legal System and Civil Code Fundamentals

A creditor discovers on 1 March 2024 that a debtor failed to repay a loan due on 1 January 2024. From which date does the general three-year limitation period ordinarily begin to run?

  1. The date the creditor first demands payment in writing
  2. The date the loan contract was signed
  3. 1 January 2024, the due date of performance
  4. 1 March 2024, when the creditor knew of the infringement and the obligor Correct answer.

Explanation

The limitation period generally runs from the date the right holder knows or should have known that the right was infringed and who the obligor is. Mere lapse of the due date without knowledge does not necessarily start the clock.

Question 11Civil Legal System and Civil Code Fundamentals

Which of the following is a circumstance that interrupts (restarts) the limitation period?

  1. The debtor agrees to perform the obligation. Correct answer.
  2. The creditor moves to another city.
  3. The court closes for a public holiday.
  4. The creditor loses the written contract.

Explanation

The limitation period is interrupted where the debtor acknowledges the debt or agrees to perform, where the creditor demands performance, or where suit is brought. Upon interruption the period restarts from the beginning.

Question 12Civil Legal System and Civil Code Fundamentals

After the limitation period expires, what is the legal position of the obligor's debt?

  1. The obligor must still perform and cannot raise any objection.
  2. The obligor acquires a defense against performance, but the debt itself is not extinguished. Correct answer.
  3. The creditor loses ownership of any security.
  4. The debt is extinguished automatically.

Explanation

Expiry of the limitation period gives the obligor a defense to refuse performance; the underlying obligation is not extinguished. If the obligor voluntarily performs, the performance is valid and cannot generally be reclaimed on limitation grounds.

Question 13Civil Legal System and Civil Code Fundamentals

Which of the following is a form of civil liability expressly recognized by the Civil Code?

  1. Criminal detention
  2. Compensation for loss Correct answer.
  3. Revocation of business licence
  4. Administrative fine

Explanation

Civil liability principally takes the form of compensation for loss, cessation of infringement, removal of obstruction and similar remedies. Criminal detention, administrative fines and licence revocation are public-law sanctions, not civil liability.

Question 14Civil Legal System and Civil Code Fundamentals

Where several persons jointly cause harm to another through a common tortious act, how do they generally bear liability?

  1. Liability is apportioned equally regardless of causation.
  2. They bear joint and several liability toward the victim. Correct answer.
  3. Each bears liability only for the harm he or she personally caused.
  4. The person with the greatest fault bears sole liability.

Explanation

Joint tortfeasors who act in concert to cause harm bear joint and several liability to the victim. The victim may claim the full amount from any one of them, and contribution among them follows their respective shares of responsibility.

Question 15Civil Legal System and Civil Code Fundamentals

Which of the following is a condition generally required for liability in tort under the Civil Code?

  1. A prior contractual relationship between the parties
  2. Written notice given before the harm occurs
  3. Approval by an administrative authority
  4. Wrongful conduct, harm, causation and fault Correct answer.

Explanation

Tort liability generally requires wrongful conduct, resulting harm, a causal link and fault (unless strict liability applies). The absence of any one element normally defeats a negligence-based claim.

Question 16Civil Legal System and Civil Code Fundamentals

A warehouse operator stores highly flammable goods and, despite statutory rules, fails to install fire-prevention equipment; a fire destroys a neighbor's property. Which basis of liability most likely applies?

  1. Strict liability as provided by law for the hazardous activity Correct answer.
  2. Liability based on fault only
  3. No liability because the operator did not intend the fire
  4. Liability for breach of contract toward the neighbor

Explanation

Where the law specifically provides for strict liability in relation to hazardous operations or activities, fault need not be proved. The statutory violation and the dangerous nature of the activity support liability regardless of intent.

Question 17Civil Legal System and Civil Code Fundamentals

What is the legal nature of an offer under the Civil Code?

  1. An invitation to treat that cannot be accepted
  2. A declaration of intent to enter into a contract, effective when it reaches the offeree Correct answer.
  3. A preliminary negotiation with no legal effect
  4. A unilateral promise binding regardless of acceptance

Explanation

An offer is a declaration of intent to conclude a contract that is specific and indicates the offeror will be bound by acceptance. It becomes effective when it reaches the offeree.

Question 18Civil Legal System and Civil Code Fundamentals

An offeror states that the offer will remain open until 10 May. Before that date the offeror revokes the offer, and the revocation reaches the offeree before acceptance is dispatched. What is the effect?

  1. The revocation is ineffective because a deadline was stated.
  2. The revocation is effective only if approved by a court.
  3. The revocation is effective because it reached the offeree before acceptance. Correct answer.
  4. The offer automatically converts into a binding contract.

Explanation

An offer may be revoked if the revocation reaches the offeree before the offeree dispatches acceptance. A stated period for acceptance binds the offeror only if the offeror has undertaken to keep the offer open, as in an option.

Question 19Civil Legal System and Civil Code Fundamentals

When does acceptance of an offer generally take effect under the Civil Code?

  1. When the contract is later performed
  2. When the acceptance is dispatched by the offeree
  3. When a notary certifies the acceptance
  4. When the acceptance reaches the offeror Correct answer.

Explanation

Under the general rule, acceptance becomes effective when it reaches the offeror, which is also when the contract is formed. Exceptions may apply where the parties agree otherwise or where the law provides a different rule.

Question 20Civil Legal System and Civil Code Fundamentals

A contract is concluded through the exchange of data messages. Which statement best reflects the Civil Code's approach to the writing requirement?

  1. Data messages satisfy the requirement only if notarized.
  2. Only paper documents satisfy a writing requirement.
  3. Data messages can satisfy a writing requirement if their content is retrievable at any time. Correct answer.
  4. Data messages never satisfy a writing requirement.

Explanation

The Civil Code treats electronic data messages, including those exchanged electronically, as capable of satisfying a writing requirement where the content can be retrieved and inspected at any time. This accommodates modern contracting methods.

Question 21Civil Legal System and Civil Code Fundamentals

A contract contains a clause exempting one party from liability for personal injury caused intentionally to the other party. What is the effect of that clause?

  1. It is voidable at the option of the party seeking to rely on it.
  2. It is valid because the parties freely agreed to it.
  3. It is valid only if the injured party was negligent.
  4. It is void because exemptions for intentional harm to another's person are prohibited. Correct answer.

Explanation

Standard clauses that exempt liability for personal injury or for loss caused by intentional or grossly negligent conduct are void. Party autonomy cannot be used to license deliberate harm to another's person.

Question 22Civil Legal System and Civil Code Fundamentals

Which of the following contracts is void under the Civil Code?

  1. A contract concluded by a person with limited capacity for civil conduct for a purely beneficial act
  2. A contract that lacks a notarial certificate but is otherwise lawful
  3. A contract whose object violates mandatory provisions of law Correct answer.
  4. A contract concluded orally between two adults

Explanation

A contract is void where it violates mandatory provisions of law or public order and good morals, among other grounds. Purely beneficial acts by limited-capacity persons and lawful oral contracts are valid.

Question 23Civil Legal System and Civil Code Fundamentals

A party concludes a contract under a serious misunderstanding of the nature of the transaction, causing a material imbalance. What remedy is generally available?

  1. The party may request a court or arbitration institution to rescind the contract. Correct answer.
  2. The party may unilaterally declare the contract void without any procedure.
  3. The party has no remedy once the contract is signed.
  4. The contract is automatically void from the outset.

Explanation

A contract concluded on the basis of a material misunderstanding may be rescinded at the request of the party affected. Rescission is granted by a court or arbitration institution rather than by unilateral declaration.

Question 24Civil Legal System and Civil Code Fundamentals

Which of the following best describes the duty of the parties during the pre-contractual stage under the Civil Code?

  1. The parties must act in good faith, including duties of disclosure and confidentiality in negotiations. Correct answer.
  2. No duties arise until the contract is signed.
  3. Pre-contractual negotiations always create a binding contract.
  4. Either party may disclose the other's trade secrets freely.

Explanation

The Civil Code imposes pre-contractual duties of good faith, including honest disclosure of material facts and protection of confidentiality. Breach of these duties can give rise to liability even before a contract is formed.

Question 25Partnership Enterprise Law

甲、乙、丙三人订立合伙协议设立普通合伙企业，协议中约定“甲对外签约不受金额限制，乙、丙不得对外代表企业”。该约定对合伙人内部及对善意第三人的效力分别是？

  1. 对内无约束力；合伙人之间的代表权限制违反法律强制性规定
  2. 对内有约束力；乙、丙越权订立的合同一律无效，由乙、丙自行承担责任
  3. 对内有约束力；乙、丙以企业名义与不知情第三人订立的合同仍约束企业 Correct answer.
  4. 对内无约束力；对第三人亦当然无效，第三人只能向行为人主张权利

Explanation

普通合伙企业的合伙人对执行合伙事务享有同等权利，合伙协议可以对代表权作出限制，该限制在合伙人内部有效。但根据合伙企业法，合伙企业对合伙人执行合伙事务以及对外代表企业权利的限制，不得对抗善意第三人，因此越权订立的合同对企业仍有约束力。

Question 26Partnership Enterprise Law

普通合伙企业的某一合伙人欲将其在合伙企业中的全部财产份额转让给合伙人以外的第三人，在合伙协议没有特别约定的情况下，应当满足的条件是？

  1. 由该合伙人自行决定，其他合伙人无权干预
  2. 只需书面通知其他合伙人，通知到达即生效
  3. 经其他合伙人过半数同意，无需通知其余合伙人
  4. 经其他合伙人一致同意，且其他合伙人在同等条件下享有优先购买权 Correct answer.

Explanation

合伙人向合伙人以外的人转让财产份额，须经其他合伙人一致同意，除非合伙协议另有约定。同时，在同等条件下其他合伙人享有优先购买权，以维护合伙企业的人合性。

Question 27Partnership Enterprise Law

关于普通合伙企业利润分配与亏损分担，合伙协议未作约定且合伙人协商不成的，法律规定的处理方式是？

  1. 一律由全体合伙人平均分配、分担，不考虑出资情况
  2. 由合伙人按照实缴出资比例分配、分担；无法确定出资比例的，由合伙人平均分配、分担 Correct answer.
  3. 按照合伙人出资比例分配利润，但亏损一律平均分担
  4. 由执行合伙事务的合伙人决定分配方案，其他合伙人不得异议

Explanation

合伙企业法规定，合伙协议未约定或者约定不明确的，由合伙人协商决定；协商不成的，由合伙人按照实缴出资比例分配、分担；无法确定出资比例的，由合伙人平均分配、分担。利润分配与亏损分担适用同一规则，不能分开处理。

Question 28Partnership Enterprise Law

有限合伙企业中，下列哪一主体可以依法执行合伙事务并对外代表有限合伙企业？

  1. 普通合伙人 Correct answer.
  2. 不参与经营的有限合伙人的近亲属
  3. 有限合伙人
  4. 有限合伙人委派的代表

Explanation

有限合伙企业由普通合伙人执行合伙事务，有限合伙人不执行合伙事务，也不得对外代表有限合伙企业。这是有限合伙“资合”与“人合”结合结构的基本安排。

Question 29Partnership Enterprise Law

有限合伙人未经授权以有限合伙企业名义与他人进行交易，给有限合伙企业造成损失的，应当承担的责任是？

  1. 该有限合伙人与其他合伙人一律按出资比例分担损失
  2. 该有限合伙人承担赔偿责任，其他合伙人以其在合伙企业中的财产份额为限承担责任 Correct answer.
  3. 仅由有限合伙企业承担责任，该有限合伙人不承担责任
  4. 该有限合伙人承担赔偿责任，其他合伙人承担连带责任

Explanation

有限合伙人越权以企业名义交易造成损失的，由该有限合伙人承担赔偿责任；其他合伙人以其在合伙企业中的财产份额为限承担责任。这一规则体现了有限合伙人责任有限、越权者自负其责的立法取向。

Question 30Partnership Enterprise Law

新合伙人入伙时，对入伙前合伙企业已经存在的债务，在合伙协议没有另行约定情况下的责任是？

  1. 新合伙人对入伙前的债务不承担任何责任
  2. 新合伙人仅在原合伙人无力清偿时才承担补充责任
  3. 新合伙人对入伙前的债务承担无限连带责任 Correct answer.
  4. 新合伙人仅以其认缴出资额为限承担责任

Explanation

普通合伙企业的新合伙人入伙，除合伙协议另有约定外，对入伙前合伙企业的债务承担无限连带责任。入伙意味着概括承受合伙企业的权利义务，债权人无需区分债务形成时间。

Question 31Partnership Enterprise Law

普通合伙企业的合伙人向合伙人以外的人转让其在合伙企业中的财产份额时，其他合伙人在同等条件下享有的权利是？

  1. 撤销权
  2. 优先购买权 Correct answer.
  3. 代位权
  4. 解除权

Explanation

合伙人对外转让财产份额时，其他合伙人在同等条件下享有优先购买权。该权利旨在维持合伙人之间的信任关系，防止不受欢迎的第三人进入合伙企业。

Question 32Partnership Enterprise Law

合伙人以其在普通合伙企业中的财产份额出质，未经其他合伙人一致同意的，其行为的效力是？

  1. 出质行为可撤销，其他合伙人可请求法院撤销
  2. 出质行为效力待定，经其他合伙人追认后自始有效
  3. 出质行为无效，由此给善意第三人造成损失的，由行为人依法承担赔偿责任 Correct answer.
  4. 出质行为有效，但须向其他合伙人支付违约金

Explanation

合伙人以其财产份额出质，须经其他合伙人一致同意；未经同意的，出质行为无效。因该无效行为给善意第三人造成损失的，由行为人依法承担赔偿责任。

Question 33Partnership Enterprise Law

普通合伙企业的合伙人在合伙事务执行中，因故意或者重大过失给合伙企业造成损失的，应当？

  1. 不承担责任，损失由企业自负
  2. 依法承担赔偿责任 Correct answer.
  3. 仅由全体合伙人共同承担
  4. 以其出资额为限承担有限责任

Explanation

合伙人在执行合伙事务中因故意或者重大过失给合伙企业造成损失的，应当承担赔偿责任。这一规则促使执行事务的合伙人尽到应有的注意义务，防止其滥用执行权。

Question 34Partnership Enterprise Law

甲为普通合伙企业的合伙人，其个人所负债务到期无法清偿，债权人拟通过执行其在合伙企业中的财产份额受偿。下列做法符合法律规定的是？

  1. 债权人可以依法请求人民法院强制执行甲在合伙企业中的财产份额用于清偿 Correct answer.
  2. 债权人可以自行宣布甲退伙并取得其份额
  3. 债权人可以直接变卖合伙企业的设备受偿
  4. 债权人可以直接接管甲在合伙企业中的事务执行权

Explanation

合伙人的自有财产不足清偿其与合伙企业无关的债务时，债权人可以依法请求人民法院强制执行该合伙人在合伙企业中的财产份额用于清偿。执行时应当通知全体合伙人，其他合伙人在同等条件下享有优先购买权。

Question 35Partnership Enterprise Law

普通合伙企业存续期间，合伙人向合伙人以外的人转让财产份额，其他合伙人既不同意转让也不行使优先购买权的，法律后果是？

  1. 由合伙企业登记机关决定是否准许转让
  2. 视为同意转让，该合伙人可以向第三人转让 Correct answer.
  3. 转让自动转为向其他合伙人按比例转让
  4. 转让仍然不能进行，该合伙人只能退伙

Explanation

其他合伙人既不同意转让也不行使优先购买权的，视为同意转让，该合伙人可以向合伙人以外的人转让其财产份额。该规则避免个别合伙人以消极不作为无限期阻却转让。

Question 36Partnership Enterprise Law

普通合伙企业的合伙人被依法认定为无民事行为能力人或者限制民事行为能力人的，其合伙人资格如何处理？

  1. 其法定代理人当然取得合伙人资格
  2. 合伙企业必须立即解散清算
  3. 合伙人资格自动丧失，当然退伙
  4. 经其他合伙人一致同意，可以依法转为有限合伙人，普通合伙企业依法转为有限合伙企业 Correct answer.

Explanation

合伙人被依法认定为无民事行为能力人或者限制民事行为能力人的，经其他合伙人一致同意，可以依法转为有限合伙人，普通合伙企业依法转为有限合伙企业。其他合伙人未能一致同意的，该合伙人退伙。

Question 37Partnership Enterprise Law

普通合伙企业的合伙协议约定“甲只出资不参与经营，对企业债务不承担责任”。该约定的效力是？

  1. 对内外均有效，债权人只能向其他合伙人主张
  2. 对外有效，债权人只能要求甲在出资范围内清偿
  3. 在合伙人内部有效，但甲对外仍须对企业债务承担无限连带责任 Correct answer.
  4. 对内外均无效，甲不因此取得合伙人资格

Explanation

普通合伙企业的合伙人对合伙企业债务承担无限连带责任，这是法律的强制性规定。合伙人之间关于免除某合伙人对外责任的约定在内部可能有约束力，但不得对抗外部债权人，甲仍须承担无限连带责任。

Question 38Partnership Enterprise Law

关于普通合伙企业与第三人的债务清偿关系，下列说法正确的是？

  1. 合伙人按出资比例承担按份责任，不承担连带责任
  2. 债权人只能向合伙人主张，不能向合伙企业主张
  3. 债权人只能向合伙企业主张，不能向合伙人主张
  4. 合伙企业先以其全部财产清偿，不足部分由合伙人承担无限连带责任 Correct answer.

Explanation

合伙企业对其债务，应先以其全部财产进行清偿；不足清偿时，各合伙人承担无限连带责任。合伙人承担连带责任后，超过自己应负担数额的，有权向其他合伙人追偿。

Question 39Partnership Enterprise Law

普通合伙企业清算时，企业财产在支付清算费用后，清偿顺序排在“职工工资、社会保险费用和法定补偿金”之后的是？

  1. 缴纳所欠税款 Correct answer.
  2. 清偿合伙企业债务
  3. 返还合伙人出资
  4. 向合伙人分配剩余财产

Explanation

合伙企业财产在支付清算费用后，按下列顺序清偿：职工工资、社会保险费用和法定补偿金；所欠税款；合伙企业债务；最后返还合伙人的出资。剩余财产再按约定或法定比例分配。

Question 40Partnership Enterprise Law

有限合伙人可以进行的下列行为中，不视为执行合伙事务的是？

  1. 参与决定普通合伙人入伙、退伙
  2. 在有限合伙企业存续期间抽回出资
  3. 对企业的经营管理提出建议 Correct answer.
  4. 依法为本企业提供担保

Explanation

有限合伙人对企业的经营管理提出建议，属于法律明确列举的不视为执行合伙事务的行为，行使其知情权与监督权不影响其有限责任。参与决定普通合伙人入伙退伙、为企业提供担保等则属于参与经营的表现。

Question 41Partnership Enterprise Law

有限合伙人转为普通合伙人后，对其作为有限合伙人期间有限合伙企业发生的债务，责任如何承担？

  1. 承担无限连带责任 Correct answer.
  2. 仍以其认缴出资额为限承担责任
  3. 仅承担补充赔偿责任
  4. 不承担任何责任

Explanation

有限合伙人转为普通合伙人的，对其作为有限合伙人期间有限合伙企业发生的债务承担无限连带责任。身份转换意味着责任形式的根本改变，且该改变具有溯及于其有限合伙人期间债务的效果。

Question 42Partnership Enterprise Law

普通合伙企业的合伙人在合伙协议约定的退伙事由出现时退伙，属于下列哪种退伙类型？

  1. 协议退伙 Correct answer.
  2. 当然退伙
  3. 法定退伙
  4. 除名退伙

Explanation

退伙分为协议退伙、当然退伙、除名退伙等类型。合伙协议约定的退伙事由出现，或者经全体合伙人同意退伙，属于协议退伙，体现合伙人意思自治。

Question 43Partnership Enterprise Law

普通合伙企业的合伙人死亡，其继承人不愿意成为合伙人的，对该合伙人在合伙企业中的财产份额应如何处理？

  1. 由其他合伙人按人数平均无偿取得
  2. 该财产份额自动归合伙企业所有，不予退还
  3. 继承人当然取得合伙人资格，无须其他合伙人同意
  4. 合伙企业应当向继承人退还其依法继承的财产份额 Correct answer.

Explanation

合伙人死亡的，其继承人按照合伙协议约定或者经全体合伙人一致同意，从继承开始之日起取得该合伙人资格。继承人不愿意成为合伙人的，合伙企业应当向其退还依法继承的财产份额。

Question 44Partnership Enterprise Law

普通合伙企业解散后，原合伙人对合伙企业存续期间的债务仍应承担清偿责任，但债权人在一定期限内未向债务人提出清偿请求的，该责任消灭。该期限是？

  1. 十年
  2. 五年 Correct answer.
  3. 三年
  4. 二年

Explanation

合伙企业解散后，原合伙人对合伙企业存续期间的债务仍应承担无限连带责任，但债权人在五年内未向债务人提出清偿请求的，该责任消灭。该期间属于除斥期间性质的规定，不发生中止、中断。

Question 45Company Law

根据《公司法》，有限责任公司股东向股东以外的人转让股权，应当经其他股东过半数同意。其他股东自接到书面通知之日起满多少日未答复的，视为同意转让？

  1. 三十日 Correct answer.
  2. 六十日
  3. 九十日
  4. 十五日

Explanation

《公司法》规定，股东向股东以外的人转让股权应书面通知其他股东征求同意，其他股东自接到书面通知之日起满三十日未答复的，视为同意转让。该规则旨在平衡转让自由与其他股东的人合性利益。

Question 46Company Law

有限责任公司设立时，全体股东的首次出资额不得低于注册资本的百分之二十，也不得低于法定的注册资本最低限额，其余部分由股东自公司成立之日起多长时间内缴足？

  1. 二年内 Correct answer.
  2. 三年内
  3. 五年内
  4. 一年内

Explanation

依照《公司法》关于分期缴纳出资的规定，首次出资后的其余部分应由股东自公司成立之日起两年内缴足，投资公司可以在五年内缴足。该期限设计兼顾资本充实与设立便利。

Question 47Company Law

下列关于股份有限公司股东大会决议的表述中，哪一项符合《公司法》的规定？

  1. 增加注册资本只须经出席会议的股东所持表决权过半数通过
  2. 公司合并事项可由董事会直接决定
  3. 解散公司的决议须经全体股东一致同意
  4. 修改公司章程须经出席会议的股东所持表决权的三分之二以上通过 Correct answer.

Explanation

修改公司章程、增加或减少注册资本、合并、分立、解散或变更公司形式属于特别决议事项，须经出席会议的股东所持表决权的三分之二以上通过。普通决议则只需过半数通过。

Question 48Company Law

某有限责任公司董事张某在执行职务时违反法律致公司损失，股东李某欲提起派生诉讼。在情况紧急、不立即提起诉讼将使公司利益受到难以弥补的损害时，李某可以采取的做法是？

  1. 可以直接以自己的名义为公司利益提起诉讼 Correct answer.
  2. 只能请求董事会以公司名义起诉
  3. 须先经股东会决议授权后方可起诉
  4. 必须先书面请求监事会起诉，等待三十日

Explanation

股东派生诉讼一般须先书面请求监事会或监事（或董事会）起诉，被拒绝或三十日内未起诉方可自行起诉。但情况紧急、不立即起诉将使公司利益受难以弥补损害时，股东可直接提起诉讼。

Question 49Company Law

关于一人有限责任公司的表述，下列哪一项是正确的？

  1. 一人有限责任公司不得再投资设立新的一人有限责任公司
  2. 一人有限责任公司股东不能证明公司财产独立于自己财产的，应对公司债务承担连带责任 Correct answer.
  3. 一人有限责任公司可以不设股东会但必须设监事会
  4. 一个自然人只能投资设立一个一人有限责任公司

Explanation

一人有限责任公司的股东不能证明公司财产独立于股东自己财产的，应当对公司债务承担连带责任，这是法人人格否认规则的特殊举证分配。此外，一个自然人只能设立一个一人公司，但该一人公司可以再投资设立新的一人公司。

Question 50Company Law

有限责任公司股东会会议由董事会召集，董事长主持。董事会不能履行或者不履行召集职责时，依照《公司法》应由谁召集和主持？

  1. 由监事会或者不设监事会的公司的监事召集和主持 Correct answer.
  2. 由总经理召集和主持
  3. 由公司登记机关指定人员召集和主持
  4. 由任意一名股东自行召集和主持

Explanation

董事会不能履行或不履行召集股东会职责时，由监事会或不设监事会的公司的监事召集和主持；监事会也不召集的，代表十分之一以上表决权的股东可以自行召集和主持。这形成递进的召集顺位。