Gaokao Chinese key terms

The central concern organizing a text, distinguished from an isolated detail or a reader’s preferred moral conclusion.

A claim supported in an argument, whose meaning and scope must be established from the actual passage.

Evidence or reasons offered for a claim, requiring analysis of relevance and limits rather than automatic acceptance.

A conclusion warranted by textual and contextual evidence, distinguished from an explicit statement or an invented background story.

The relation between a referring expression and its contextual referent, which must be traced rather than guessed from proximity alone.

The extent of a statement across people, time, quantity or conditions, often changed by words such as only or all.

The voice presenting a narrative, distinguished from the real author and from other represented characters or speakers.

A concrete sensory image carrying meaning or feeling within a particular work, not a universally fixed symbolic code.

The surrounding linguistic and situational information needed to interpret a word, statement or action within the actual material.

The organization and relationship of parts in a text, interpreted through their function rather than paragraph order alone.

The governing direction of a composition, developed from the task and material rather than a detached memorized topic.

A form of writing with communicative conventions shaped by purpose, audience and context, without one universal template for every task.

Attention to the intended audience’s knowledge, needs and relationship, shaping selection, explanation and register in a message.

A faithful presentation of another source’s content in a new context, preserving relevant conditions without inventing information.

The linguistic linking of sentences and paragraphs through reference, connectors and related devices that make relationships recoverable.

The intelligible and relevant progression of ideas, avoiding contradictions or unexplained changes in the direction of thought.

An explicit condition or boundary on a claim, which can improve accuracy rather than merely weaken an argument.

A reasoned response to an opposing claim, addressing its actual grounds rather than a distorted substitute argument.

A specific textual or narrative element whose selection and placement can develop character, atmosphere or meaning within a larger structure.

A process of revising task fulfillment, structure, evidence and language, rather than merely replacing simple words with elaborate synonyms.