COHN flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Body mass index formula

BMI equals weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared; 25.0 to 29.9 is classified as overweight and 30.0 or greater as obesity.

OSHA standard threshold shift

An average shift of 10 dB or more at 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz in either ear compared with the baseline audiogram, triggering follow-up and notification.

Two-step tuberculin skin testing

A second TST placed one to three weeks after an initial negative result, used at baseline to detect boosting in repeat-tested or BCG-vaccinated workers.

HIV post-exposure prophylaxis timing

Prophylaxis should start as soon as possible after exposure, ideally within hours and no later than 72 hours, and continues for 28 days.

Spirometry obstruction criterion

A post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio below 0.70 defines persistent airflow obstruction consistent with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Heat stroke core temperature

Heat stroke is defined by a core temperature of 40 degrees Celsius or higher accompanied by central nervous system dysfunction, and it is a medical emergency.

Blood pressure classification thresholds

Normal pressure is below 120/80 mm Hg, while stage 1 hypertension begins at 130 to 139 systolic or 80 to 89 diastolic in adults.

Normal adult vital signs

Resting heart rate 60 to 100 beats per minute, respiratory rate 12 to 20 breaths per minute, and oral temperature of roughly 36.5 to 37.5 Celsius.

Incidence rate constant 200,000

OSHA rates use 200,000 as the base because it equals 100 full-time workers at 40 hours per week for 50 weeks, allowing comparison across employers.

OSHA 300 log entry deadline

A recordable work-related injury or illness must be entered on the OSHA 300 Log within seven calendar days of learning about the case.

Fatal incident reporting to OSHA

Employers report a work-related fatality within eight hours, and an in-patient hospitalization, amputation, or loss of an eye within 24 hours.

DART rate formula

Cases involving days away, restricted work, or job transfer multiplied by 200,000 and divided by total hours worked by all employees during the period.

FMLA eligibility thresholds

Twelve workweeks of unpaid leave require 12 months of service, 1,250 hours worked in the prior year, and 50 employees within 75 miles.

ADA post-offer medical examination

A medical examination may be required only after a conditional job offer and only if it is required of all entering employees in the same job category.

Full-time equivalent calculation

FTE equals total paid hours divided by 2,080, the annual paid hours of one full-time employee working 40 hours per week for 52 weeks.

Return on investment formula

ROI equals net program benefit divided by program cost, usually multiplied by 100 and reported as a percentage for budget justification.

Hierarchy of controls order

Elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment, ranked from most to least effective for reducing hazard exposure.

OSHA noise permissible exposure limit

The 8-hour time-weighted average limit is 90 dBA with a 5 dB exchange rate, and a hearing conservation program is required at the 85 dBA action level.

Permit space oxygen range

Atmospheric testing must confirm oxygen between 19.5 and 23.5 percent before entry into a permit-required confined space, along with acceptable flammability and toxicity results.

Respirator fit testing frequency

OSHA requires a medical evaluation before use and annual fit testing for employees required to wear tight-fitting respirators, plus a seal check each donning.

Safety Data Sheet requirement

Hazard Communication requires a 16-section Safety Data Sheet for each hazardous chemical, covering hazards, first aid, handling, and exposure controls, available to workers.

Hepatitis B vaccine offer deadline

The Bloodborne Pathogens standard requires offering hepatitis B vaccination within 10 working days of initial assignment to employees with occupational exposure to blood.

Workers' compensation exclusive remedy

Benefits are paid without regard to fault for injuries arising out of and in the course of employment, generally barring employee tort suits against the employer.

Lifting index interpretation

The actual load divided by the NIOSH recommended weight limit; a lifting index above 1.0 indicates elevated risk of lifting-related musculoskeletal injury.

Transtheoretical model stages

Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance, with relapse possible; counseling interventions are matched to the person's current stage.

Five A's counseling framework

Ask about the behavior, advise change, assess willingness, assist with a plan, and arrange follow-up; widely used for tobacco cessation counseling.

PICO question format

Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome; this structure converts a practice problem into a searchable, answerable clinical question.

Highest level of evidence

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials rank highest in evidence hierarchies, above single trials and observational study designs.

Sensitivity versus specificity

Sensitivity is the proportion of people with disease who test positive; specificity is the proportion of people without disease who test negative.

Health Belief Model constructs

Perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers, together with cues to action and self-efficacy, predict whether a person adopts a preventive behavior.

Knowles adult learning principles

Adults are self-directed and problem-centered, learn best when content is immediately relevant, and need their prior experience and internal motivation acknowledged.

Motivational interviewing OARS skills

Open-ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening, and summarizing are core skills that strengthen a client's own motivation and commitment to change.