CPRP cheat sheet

Cost recovery ratio = program revenue ÷ total program expense, expressed as a percentage; it is the standard metric for comparing subsidy levels across services.

The cost recovery pyramid ranks services from the base (basic community-benefit services, largely tax supported) to the top (individual-benefit services, largely fee supported).

Risk management sequence: identify hazards, assess likelihood and severity, choose a control (avoid, reduce, transfer, retain), implement, then monitor and document.

A work order system records request location, priority, assigned staff, and completion date; backlog is open work orders compared against the completion rate per period.

Emergency action plans assign roles for incident command, first aid, communication, and evacuation, and are rehearsed at least annually with written after-action notes.

Operational key performance indicators include cost per participant visit, maintenance cost per acre, revenue per square foot of indoor space, and facility utilization rate.

Under the ADA, newly built or altered recreation facilities must meet the 2010 ADA Standards, but program access may also be achieved through policy or schedule modifications rather than construction.

Staffing at aquatic facilities is set by bather load and zone of responsibility; each lifeguard is assigned a defined surveillance zone rather than the whole pool.

Park classification drives maintenance intensity: neighborhood and community parks receive more frequent litter, turf, and restroom service than natural resource areas.

Program planning cycle: needs assessment → goals and objectives → design → implementation → evaluation → revision.

Outputs count units delivered (sessions, participants); outcomes describe measurable change in participants and are the basis for summative evaluation.

Formative evaluation happens during delivery to adjust content, staffing, or scheduling; summative evaluation happens after delivery to judge worth against objectives.

Needs assessment methods include surveys, focus groups, key informant interviews, direct observation, and secondary data such as census or school enrollment figures.

Fill rate = enrolled ÷ capacity; persistent waitlists indicate unmet demand, while chronically low fill rates indicate a pricing, marketing, or scheduling problem.

Marketing mix is product, price, place, and promotion; market segmentation typically uses age, income, ability, ethnicity, and interest.

Inclusion decision rule: modify rules, equipment, or staffing for a participant with a disability unless the change fundamentally alters the program or creates a direct threat to safety.

Program risk controls include pre-screening participants, matching activity to skill level, disclosing inherent risks, and obtaining informed consent where required.

Developmental fit: preschool programs emphasize sensory and motor play, youth programs emphasize skill and social development, and older adult programs emphasize health maintenance and social connection.

FLSA: exempt employees are salaried and meet salary and duties tests; non-exempt employees must receive overtime at 1.5× the regular rate for hours beyond 40 in a workweek.

Progressive discipline sequence: verbal warning, written warning, suspension, termination, with documentation at each step and consistency across similar cases.

Recruitment sequence: job analysis → job description → sourcing → screening → interview → reference and background check → offer → onboarding.

Behavior-based (STAR) interviews ask for Situation, Task, Action, and Result from past experience rather than hypothetical responses.

Volunteer management cycle: plan, recruit, screen, orient, train, supervise, recognize, and evaluate.

Staff-to-participant ratios are set by participant age, activity risk, and accreditation standards; swimming, climbing, and adventure activities require lower ratios and certified staff.

Training needs analysis compares required competencies with current skills; certifications such as CPR/AED, first aid, and lifeguarding carry expiration dates that must be tracked in a training matrix.

Operating budgets cover recurring costs within one fiscal year; capital budgets cover assets with multi-year useful life, typically funded by bonds, grants, or reserves.

Budget formats: line-item (control oriented), program (costs tied to services), performance (funding tied to outputs), and zero-based (every cost justified each cycle).

Break-even volume = fixed costs ÷ (price per unit − variable cost per unit).

Cost recovery = program revenue ÷ (direct costs + indirect costs); direct costs are traceable to one program, indirect costs are shared overhead.

Enterprise funds account for services financed mainly through user fees, such as golf or aquatics; the general fund covers tax-supported services.

Depreciation allocates an asset's cost over its useful life; it is a non-cash expense that reduces reported net income but not cash flow.

Grant budgets must follow the funder's allowable-cost rules; matching funds are the recipient's required share of total project cost.

Price elasticity rule: if a 10% fee increase reduces enrollment by less than 10%, total revenue rises.

Revenue forecasting uses trend analysis, comparable-community benchmarks, and conservative versus optimistic scenarios for sensitivity testing.

Master planning sequence: inventory and analysis → needs assessment → vision and goals → concept alternatives → public review → adoption → implementation through the capital improvement program.

Park classification by service radius: pocket/mini (under ¼ mile), neighborhood (½–1 mile), community (1–2 miles), regional (countywide or larger).

Level of service expresses supply as acres per 1,000 residents or facility units per population, compared with an adopted standard to identify gaps.

A feasibility study tests need, site suitability, capital and operating cost, and revenue potential before a construction commitment is made.

Site selection criteria include acreage, vehicular access and traffic, topography and drainage, utilities, zoning, surrounding land use, and acquisition cost.

The capital improvement program schedules projects over roughly five to six years with cost estimates, funding sources, and sequencing.

Public input methods include advisory committees, open houses, online surveys, focus groups, and stakeholder interviews; multiple methods are combined to reach non-users.

Land acquisition tools include fee simple purchase, conservation easement, dedication, lease, and eminent domain.

Maintenance classes: Class I high-intensity manicured areas, Class II moderate-intensity areas, Class III natural or low-intensity areas, each with defined service frequencies.

Preventive maintenance is scheduled by time or usage interval; corrective maintenance follows a failure; deferred maintenance is needed work postponed for lack of funds.

Life-cycle cost = initial cost + operating cost + maintenance cost + replacement cost − salvage value, discounted to present value for comparison.

Playground equipment follows ASTM F1487 and the CPSC Public Playground Safety Handbook; use zones extend at least 6 feet from stationary equipment and surfacing must meet ASTM F1292 for the equipment's fall height.

Turf rule of thumb: remove no more than one-third of blade height per mowing; soil tests determine fertilizer rates rather than a fixed calendar schedule.

Irrigation scheduling replaces evapotranspiration loss; head uniformity checks and leak repair are the primary water-conservation measures.

The seven principles of universal design are equitable use, flexibility in use, simple and intuitive use, perceptible information, tolerance for error, low physical effort, and size and space for approach and use.

Accessible trail targets: running slope generally not steeper than 1:12, cross slope not steeper than 1:20, with resting intervals at defined distances.

Cost recovery ratio = program revenue ÷ total program expense, expressed as a percentage; it is the standard metric for comparing subsidy levels across services.

The cost recovery pyramid ranks services from the base (basic community-benefit services, largely tax supported) to the top (individual-benefit services, largely fee supported).

Risk management sequence: identify hazards, assess likelihood and severity, choose a control (avoid, reduce, transfer, retain), implement, then monitor and document.

A work order system records request location, priority, assigned staff, and completion date; backlog is open work orders compared against the completion rate per period.

Emergency action plans assign roles for incident command, first aid, communication, and evacuation, and are rehearsed at least annually with written after-action notes.

Operational key performance indicators include cost per participant visit, maintenance cost per acre, revenue per square foot of indoor space, and facility utilization rate.

Under the ADA, newly built or altered recreation facilities must meet the 2010 ADA Standards, but program access may also be achieved through policy or schedule modifications rather than construction.

Staffing at aquatic facilities is set by bather load and zone of responsibility; each lifeguard is assigned a defined surveillance zone rather than the whole pool.

Park classification drives maintenance intensity: neighborhood and community parks receive more frequent litter, turf, and restroom service than natural resource areas.

Program planning cycle: needs assessment → goals and objectives → design → implementation → evaluation → revision.

Outputs count units delivered (sessions, participants); outcomes describe measurable change in participants and are the basis for summative evaluation.

Formative evaluation happens during delivery to adjust content, staffing, or scheduling; summative evaluation happens after delivery to judge worth against objectives.

Needs assessment methods include surveys, focus groups, key informant interviews, direct observation, and secondary data such as census or school enrollment figures.

Fill rate = enrolled ÷ capacity; persistent waitlists indicate unmet demand, while chronically low fill rates indicate a pricing, marketing, or scheduling problem.

Marketing mix is product, price, place, and promotion; market segmentation typically uses age, income, ability, ethnicity, and interest.

Inclusion decision rule: modify rules, equipment, or staffing for a participant with a disability unless the change fundamentally alters the program or creates a direct threat to safety.

Program risk controls include pre-screening participants, matching activity to skill level, disclosing inherent risks, and obtaining informed consent where required.

Developmental fit: preschool programs emphasize sensory and motor play, youth programs emphasize skill and social development, and older adult programs emphasize health maintenance and social connection.

FLSA: exempt employees are salaried and meet salary and duties tests; non-exempt employees must receive overtime at 1.5× the regular rate for hours beyond 40 in a workweek.

Progressive discipline sequence: verbal warning, written warning, suspension, termination, with documentation at each step and consistency across similar cases.

Recruitment sequence: job analysis → job description → sourcing → screening → interview → reference and background check → offer → onboarding.

Behavior-based (STAR) interviews ask for Situation, Task, Action, and Result from past experience rather than hypothetical responses.

Volunteer management cycle: plan, recruit, screen, orient, train, supervise, recognize, and evaluate.

Staff-to-participant ratios are set by participant age, activity risk, and accreditation standards; swimming, climbing, and adventure activities require lower ratios and certified staff.

Training needs analysis compares required competencies with current skills; certifications such as CPR/AED, first aid, and lifeguarding carry expiration dates that must be tracked in a training matrix.

Operating budgets cover recurring costs within one fiscal year; capital budgets cover assets with multi-year useful life, typically funded by bonds, grants, or reserves.

Budget formats: line-item (control oriented), program (costs tied to services), performance (funding tied to outputs), and zero-based (every cost justified each cycle).

Break-even volume = fixed costs ÷ (price per unit − variable cost per unit).

Cost recovery = program revenue ÷ (direct costs + indirect costs); direct costs are traceable to one program, indirect costs are shared overhead.

Enterprise funds account for services financed mainly through user fees, such as golf or aquatics; the general fund covers tax-supported services.

Depreciation allocates an asset's cost over its useful life; it is a non-cash expense that reduces reported net income but not cash flow.

Grant budgets must follow the funder's allowable-cost rules; matching funds are the recipient's required share of total project cost.

Price elasticity rule: if a 10% fee increase reduces enrollment by less than 10%, total revenue rises.

Revenue forecasting uses trend analysis, comparable-community benchmarks, and conservative versus optimistic scenarios for sensitivity testing.

Master planning sequence: inventory and analysis → needs assessment → vision and goals → concept alternatives → public review → adoption → implementation through the capital improvement program.

Park classification by service radius: pocket/mini (under ¼ mile), neighborhood (½–1 mile), community (1–2 miles), regional (countywide or larger).

Level of service expresses supply as acres per 1,000 residents or facility units per population, compared with an adopted standard to identify gaps.

A feasibility study tests need, site suitability, capital and operating cost, and revenue potential before a construction commitment is made.

Site selection criteria include acreage, vehicular access and traffic, topography and drainage, utilities, zoning, surrounding land use, and acquisition cost.

The capital improvement program schedules projects over roughly five to six years with cost estimates, funding sources, and sequencing.

Public input methods include advisory committees, open houses, online surveys, focus groups, and stakeholder interviews; multiple methods are combined to reach non-users.

Land acquisition tools include fee simple purchase, conservation easement, dedication, lease, and eminent domain.

Maintenance classes: Class I high-intensity manicured areas, Class II moderate-intensity areas, Class III natural or low-intensity areas, each with defined service frequencies.

Preventive maintenance is scheduled by time or usage interval; corrective maintenance follows a failure; deferred maintenance is needed work postponed for lack of funds.

Life-cycle cost = initial cost + operating cost + maintenance cost + replacement cost − salvage value, discounted to present value for comparison.

Playground equipment follows ASTM F1487 and the CPSC Public Playground Safety Handbook; use zones extend at least 6 feet from stationary equipment and surfacing must meet ASTM F1292 for the equipment's fall height.

Turf rule of thumb: remove no more than one-third of blade height per mowing; soil tests determine fertilizer rates rather than a fixed calendar schedule.

Irrigation scheduling replaces evapotranspiration loss; head uniformity checks and leak repair are the primary water-conservation measures.

The seven principles of universal design are equitable use, flexibility in use, simple and intuitive use, perceptible information, tolerance for error, low physical effort, and size and space for approach and use.

Accessible trail targets: running slope generally not steeper than 1:12, cross slope not steeper than 1:20, with resting intervals at defined distances.

Cost recovery ratio = program revenue ÷ total program expense, expressed as a percentage; it is the standard metric for comparing subsidy levels across services.

The cost recovery pyramid ranks services from the base (basic community-benefit services, largely tax supported) to the top (individual-benefit services, largely fee supported).

Risk management sequence: identify hazards, assess likelihood and severity, choose a control (avoid, reduce, transfer, retain), implement, then monitor and document.

A work order system records request location, priority, assigned staff, and completion date; backlog is open work orders compared against the completion rate per period.

Emergency action plans assign roles for incident command, first aid, communication, and evacuation, and are rehearsed at least annually with written after-action notes.

Operational key performance indicators include cost per participant visit, maintenance cost per acre, revenue per square foot of indoor space, and facility utilization rate.

Under the ADA, newly built or altered recreation facilities must meet the 2010 ADA Standards, but program access may also be achieved through policy or schedule modifications rather than construction.

Staffing at aquatic facilities is set by bather load and zone of responsibility; each lifeguard is assigned a defined surveillance zone rather than the whole pool.

Park classification drives maintenance intensity: neighborhood and community parks receive more frequent litter, turf, and restroom service than natural resource areas.

Program planning cycle: needs assessment → goals and objectives → design → implementation → evaluation → revision.

Outputs count units delivered (sessions, participants); outcomes describe measurable change in participants and are the basis for summative evaluation.

Formative evaluation happens during delivery to adjust content, staffing, or scheduling; summative evaluation happens after delivery to judge worth against objectives.

Needs assessment methods include surveys, focus groups, key informant interviews, direct observation, and secondary data such as census or school enrollment figures.

Fill rate = enrolled ÷ capacity; persistent waitlists indicate unmet demand, while chronically low fill rates indicate a pricing, marketing, or scheduling problem.

Marketing mix is product, price, place, and promotion; market segmentation typically uses age, income, ability, ethnicity, and interest.

Inclusion decision rule: modify rules, equipment, or staffing for a participant with a disability unless the change fundamentally alters the program or creates a direct threat to safety.

Program risk controls include pre-screening participants, matching activity to skill level, disclosing inherent risks, and obtaining informed consent where required.

Developmental fit: preschool programs emphasize sensory and motor play, youth programs emphasize skill and social development, and older adult programs emphasize health maintenance and social connection.

FLSA: exempt employees are salaried and meet salary and duties tests; non-exempt employees must receive overtime at 1.5× the regular rate for hours beyond 40 in a workweek.

Progressive discipline sequence: verbal warning, written warning, suspension, termination, with documentation at each step and consistency across similar cases.

Recruitment sequence: job analysis → job description → sourcing → screening → interview → reference and background check → offer → onboarding.

Behavior-based (STAR) interviews ask for Situation, Task, Action, and Result from past experience rather than hypothetical responses.

Volunteer management cycle: plan, recruit, screen, orient, train, supervise, recognize, and evaluate.

Staff-to-participant ratios are set by participant age, activity risk, and accreditation standards; swimming, climbing, and adventure activities require lower ratios and certified staff.

Training needs analysis compares required competencies with current skills; certifications such as CPR/AED, first aid, and lifeguarding carry expiration dates that must be tracked in a training matrix.

Operating budgets cover recurring costs within one fiscal year; capital budgets cover assets with multi-year useful life, typically funded by bonds, grants, or reserves.

Budget formats: line-item (control oriented), program (costs tied to services), performance (funding tied to outputs), and zero-based (every cost justified each cycle).

Break-even volume = fixed costs ÷ (price per unit − variable cost per unit).

Cost recovery = program revenue ÷ (direct costs + indirect costs); direct costs are traceable to one program, indirect costs are shared overhead.

Enterprise funds account for services financed mainly through user fees, such as golf or aquatics; the general fund covers tax-supported services.

Depreciation allocates an asset's cost over its useful life; it is a non-cash expense that reduces reported net income but not cash flow.

Grant budgets must follow the funder's allowable-cost rules; matching funds are the recipient's required share of total project cost.

Price elasticity rule: if a 10% fee increase reduces enrollment by less than 10%, total revenue rises.

Revenue forecasting uses trend analysis, comparable-community benchmarks, and conservative versus optimistic scenarios for sensitivity testing.

Master planning sequence: inventory and analysis → needs assessment → vision and goals → concept alternatives → public review → adoption → implementation through the capital improvement program.

Park classification by service radius: pocket/mini (under ¼ mile), neighborhood (½–1 mile), community (1–2 miles), regional (countywide or larger).

Level of service expresses supply as acres per 1,000 residents or facility units per population, compared with an adopted standard to identify gaps.

A feasibility study tests need, site suitability, capital and operating cost, and revenue potential before a construction commitment is made.

Site selection criteria include acreage, vehicular access and traffic, topography and drainage, utilities, zoning, surrounding land use, and acquisition cost.

The capital improvement program schedules projects over roughly five to six years with cost estimates, funding sources, and sequencing.

Public input methods include advisory committees, open houses, online surveys, focus groups, and stakeholder interviews; multiple methods are combined to reach non-users.

Land acquisition tools include fee simple purchase, conservation easement, dedication, lease, and eminent domain.

Maintenance classes: Class I high-intensity manicured areas, Class II moderate-intensity areas, Class III natural or low-intensity areas, each with defined service frequencies.

Preventive maintenance is scheduled by time or usage interval; corrective maintenance follows a failure; deferred maintenance is needed work postponed for lack of funds.

Life-cycle cost = initial cost + operating cost + maintenance cost + replacement cost − salvage value, discounted to present value for comparison.

Playground equipment follows ASTM F1487 and the CPSC Public Playground Safety Handbook; use zones extend at least 6 feet from stationary equipment and surfacing must meet ASTM F1292 for the equipment's fall height.

Turf rule of thumb: remove no more than one-third of blade height per mowing; soil tests determine fertilizer rates rather than a fixed calendar schedule.

Irrigation scheduling replaces evapotranspiration loss; head uniformity checks and leak repair are the primary water-conservation measures.

The seven principles of universal design are equitable use, flexibility in use, simple and intuitive use, perceptible information, tolerance for error, low physical effort, and size and space for approach and use.

Accessible trail targets: running slope generally not steeper than 1:12, cross slope not steeper than 1:20, with resting intervals at defined distances.

Cost recovery ratio = program revenue ÷ total program expense, expressed as a percentage; it is the standard metric for comparing subsidy levels across services.

The cost recovery pyramid ranks services from the base (basic community-benefit services, largely tax supported) to the top (individual-benefit services, largely fee supported).

Risk management sequence: identify hazards, assess likelihood and severity, choose a control (avoid, reduce, transfer, retain), implement, then monitor and document.

A work order system records request location, priority, assigned staff, and completion date; backlog is open work orders compared against the completion rate per period.

Emergency action plans assign roles for incident command, first aid, communication, and evacuation, and are rehearsed at least annually with written after-action notes.

Operational key performance indicators include cost per participant visit, maintenance cost per acre, revenue per square foot of indoor space, and facility utilization rate.

Under the ADA, newly built or altered recreation facilities must meet the 2010 ADA Standards, but program access may also be achieved through policy or schedule modifications rather than construction.

Staffing at aquatic facilities is set by bather load and zone of responsibility; each lifeguard is assigned a defined surveillance zone rather than the whole pool.

Park classification drives maintenance intensity: neighborhood and community parks receive more frequent litter, turf, and restroom service than natural resource areas.

Program planning cycle: needs assessment → goals and objectives → design → implementation → evaluation → revision.

Outputs count units delivered (sessions, participants); outcomes describe measurable change in participants and are the basis for summative evaluation.

Formative evaluation happens during delivery to adjust content, staffing, or scheduling; summative evaluation happens after delivery to judge worth against objectives.

Needs assessment methods include surveys, focus groups, key informant interviews, direct observation, and secondary data such as census or school enrollment figures.

Fill rate = enrolled ÷ capacity; persistent waitlists indicate unmet demand, while chronically low fill rates indicate a pricing, marketing, or scheduling problem.

Marketing mix is product, price, place, and promotion; market segmentation typically uses age, income, ability, ethnicity, and interest.

Inclusion decision rule: modify rules, equipment, or staffing for a participant with a disability unless the change fundamentally alters the program or creates a direct threat to safety.

Program risk controls include pre-screening participants, matching activity to skill level, disclosing inherent risks, and obtaining informed consent where required.

Developmental fit: preschool programs emphasize sensory and motor play, youth programs emphasize skill and social development, and older adult programs emphasize health maintenance and social connection.

FLSA: exempt employees are salaried and meet salary and duties tests; non-exempt employees must receive overtime at 1.5× the regular rate for hours beyond 40 in a workweek.

Progressive discipline sequence: verbal warning, written warning, suspension, termination, with documentation at each step and consistency across similar cases.

Recruitment sequence: job analysis → job description → sourcing → screening → interview → reference and background check → offer → onboarding.

Behavior-based (STAR) interviews ask for Situation, Task, Action, and Result from past experience rather than hypothetical responses.

Volunteer management cycle: plan, recruit, screen, orient, train, supervise, recognize, and evaluate.

Staff-to-participant ratios are set by participant age, activity risk, and accreditation standards; swimming, climbing, and adventure activities require lower ratios and certified staff.

Training needs analysis compares required competencies with current skills; certifications such as CPR/AED, first aid, and lifeguarding carry expiration dates that must be tracked in a training matrix.

Operating budgets cover recurring costs within one fiscal year; capital budgets cover assets with multi-year useful life, typically funded by bonds, grants, or reserves.

Budget formats: line-item (control oriented), program (costs tied to services), performance (funding tied to outputs), and zero-based (every cost justified each cycle).

Break-even volume = fixed costs ÷ (price per unit − variable cost per unit).

Cost recovery = program revenue ÷ (direct costs + indirect costs); direct costs are traceable to one program, indirect costs are shared overhead.

Enterprise funds account for services financed mainly through user fees, such as golf or aquatics; the general fund covers tax-supported services.

Depreciation allocates an asset's cost over its useful life; it is a non-cash expense that reduces reported net income but not cash flow.

Grant budgets must follow the funder's allowable-cost rules; matching funds are the recipient's required share of total project cost.

Price elasticity rule: if a 10% fee increase reduces enrollment by less than 10%, total revenue rises.

Revenue forecasting uses trend analysis, comparable-community benchmarks, and conservative versus optimistic scenarios for sensitivity testing.

Master planning sequence: inventory and analysis → needs assessment → vision and goals → concept alternatives → public review → adoption → implementation through the capital improvement program.

Park classification by service radius: pocket/mini (under ¼ mile), neighborhood (½–1 mile), community (1–2 miles), regional (countywide or larger).

Level of service expresses supply as acres per 1,000 residents or facility units per population, compared with an adopted standard to identify gaps.

A feasibility study tests need, site suitability, capital and operating cost, and revenue potential before a construction commitment is made.

Site selection criteria include acreage, vehicular access and traffic, topography and drainage, utilities, zoning, surrounding land use, and acquisition cost.

The capital improvement program schedules projects over roughly five to six years with cost estimates, funding sources, and sequencing.

Public input methods include advisory committees, open houses, online surveys, focus groups, and stakeholder interviews; multiple methods are combined to reach non-users.

Land acquisition tools include fee simple purchase, conservation easement, dedication, lease, and eminent domain.

Maintenance classes: Class I high-intensity manicured areas, Class II moderate-intensity areas, Class III natural or low-intensity areas, each with defined service frequencies.

Preventive maintenance is scheduled by time or usage interval; corrective maintenance follows a failure; deferred maintenance is needed work postponed for lack of funds.

Life-cycle cost = initial cost + operating cost + maintenance cost + replacement cost − salvage value, discounted to present value for comparison.

Playground equipment follows ASTM F1487 and the CPSC Public Playground Safety Handbook; use zones extend at least 6 feet from stationary equipment and surfacing must meet ASTM F1292 for the equipment's fall height.

Turf rule of thumb: remove no more than one-third of blade height per mowing; soil tests determine fertilizer rates rather than a fixed calendar schedule.

Irrigation scheduling replaces evapotranspiration loss; head uniformity checks and leak repair are the primary water-conservation measures.

The seven principles of universal design are equitable use, flexibility in use, simple and intuitive use, perceptible information, tolerance for error, low physical effort, and size and space for approach and use.

Accessible trail targets: running slope generally not steeper than 1:12, cross slope not steeper than 1:20, with resting intervals at defined distances.