CT Cosmetology flashcards
CT Cosmetology · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Cuticle
- The outermost layer of the hair shaft, made of overlapping scales that protect the cortex and control how much moisture and chemicals enter the hair.
- Cortex
- The middle and thickest layer of the hair shaft, containing melanin pigment and the disulfide bonds that give hair its strength, elasticity, and curl pattern.
- Disulfide bond
- A strong chemical bond between sulfur atoms in cysteine amino acids of the cortex. It is broken by perming and relaxing lotions and rebuilt by the neutralizer.
- Hydrogen bond
- A weak physical bond broken by water and reformed on drying, which is why wet setting, blow-drying, and curling change shape temporarily.
- Hair porosity
- The ability of the cuticle to absorb and hold moisture. Low porosity resists absorption, while high porosity absorbs quickly but loses moisture rapidly.
- Anagen phase
- The active growth stage of the hair cycle, lasting roughly two to seven years, during which the follicle produces a new hair shaft.
- Eumelanin
- The dark pigment that produces black and brown hair color. Its amount and distribution determine how dark the natural hair color appears.
- Base control
- The position of a perm tool relative to its base section, described as on-base, half off-base, or off-base, which controls volume and root lift.
- Ammonium thioglycolate
- The alkaline reducing agent in most cold wave perms, working near pH 9 to 9.6 to break disulfide bonds so hair can be reshaped around a tool.
- Neutralizer
- A hydrogen peroxide-based solution applied after rinsing the perm lotion. It rebuilds disulfide bonds in the new shape and stops further processing.
- Lanthionization
- The chemical process of hydroxide relaxers, which converts disulfide bonds to lanthionine bonds. The result is permanent and cannot be reversed by perming.
- Developer volume
- A measure of hydrogen peroxide strength: 10 volume is about 3%, 20 volume about 6%, 30 volume about 9%, and 40 volume about 12% peroxide.
- Color level
- A number from 1 to 10 describing lightness or darkness of hair, where 1 is black and 10 is lightest blonde.
- Elevation
- The angle at which hair is held away from the head during cutting. Zero degrees builds weight, 45 degrees graduates, and 90 degrees or more layers.
- Patch test
- A small application of a chemical product on skin, usually behind the ear or inner elbow, checked after 24 to 48 hours for allergic reaction.
- Matrix
- The area of tissue beneath the nail plate where new nail cells form. Its shape and health determine the thickness and contour of the growing nail.
- Lunula
- The whitish half-moon visible at the base of the nail plate. It is the visible portion of the matrix and is usually most prominent on the thumbs.
- Eponychium
- The living skin at the base of the nail plate, often called the cuticle. It seals the nail area and should be pushed back, never cut.
- EMA monomer
- Ethyl methacrylate, the accepted liquid monomer for artificial nails. It is preferred over MMA because it is less brittle and easier to remove.
- Fitzpatrick scale
- A six-point classification of skin type based on response to sun exposure, used to estimate burning risk, tanning ability, and skin cancer risk.
- Effleurage
- A light, gliding massage stroke performed with the palms and fingers, usually toward the heart, used to begin and end a facial or body massage.
- Contraindication
- A condition that makes a service unsafe, such as infection, open lesion, fever, or recent surgery. The service is postponed and the client referred.
- Disinfection
- A process using an EPA-registered hospital-grade product that destroys most pathogenic microorganisms on nonporous surfaces and implements, but not all spores.
- Sterilization
- A process that destroys all microorganisms, including bacterial spores, usually through autoclave steam under pressure, dry heat, or chemical sterilants.
- Safety Data Sheet
- A 16-section document required under OSHA Hazard Communication that lists a chemical's hazards, safe handling, first aid, and disposal information.
- Universal precautions
- The practice of treating all blood and body fluids as potentially infectious, using gloves and other barriers with every client, regardless of appearance.
- GFCI outlet
- A ground-fault circuit interrupter that shuts off power when current leaks to ground. It is required near water sources to prevent electric shock.
- Gross profit
- Revenue minus the cost of goods sold. It measures profit before operating expenses such as rent, utilities, and payroll are deducted.
- Scope of practice
- The services a licensee is legally permitted to perform under state law. Exceeding it, such as diagnosing disease, is unlicensed practice.
- Informed consent
- A client's agreement to a service after being told the procedure, products, risks, alternatives, and expected results in clear language.
- Connecticut DPH
- The Connecticut Department of Public Health, the agency that licenses cosmetologists and salons, sets renewal requirements, and handles complaints.
- Salon license
- A state-issued permit allowing a salon to operate. It must be displayed on the premises, and the salon must meet sanitation and safety standards.