CSEC Human and Social Biology study plan

Define the distinguishing characteristics of living organisms and classify each characteristic with one original Caribbean example

Label a diagram of the human digestive system from memory and state the function of each named organ

Distinguish mechanical from chemical digestion and name the enzyme active at each region of the alimentary canal

Explain the role of bile, the pancreas and the villus structure in absorption

Write out the balanced role of enzymes using the lock-and-key idea, including the effect of temperature and pH on activity

Describe aerobic and anaerobic respiration, stating the word equation, ATP yield and the site in the cell for each

Compare respiration with photosynthesis in terms of reactants, products, energy change and organelle involved

Explain the effect of exercise on breathing rate, heart rate and lactic acid accumulation

Interpret a simple respirometer or limewater experiment and state the conclusion drawn

Define photosynthesis and list the limiting factors that affect its rate

Describe the structure and function of the circulatory system, including the double circulation and the heart's chambers and valves

Explain how the transport systems of a named plant (xylem and transpiration, phloem and translocation) differ in structure and function

Describe how the kidney and skin regulate water and salt balance in the body

Explain the role of the liver in assimilation, deamination and detoxification

Compare the transport systems of a mammal and a flowering plant

Describe the structure of a motor neurone and explain how an impulse crosses a synapse

Explain reflex action using a named example and outline the reflex arc in order

Distinguish the roles of the cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla and hypothalamus

Describe how hormones such as insulin, adrenaline and ADH act as chemical messengers

Explain how negative feedback controls blood glucose concentration

Describe the menstrual cycle and identify the hormones that control its phases

Compare sexual and asexual reproduction, naming two advantages of each

Describe pollination, fertilisation and seed dispersal in a named flowering plant

Explain the role of the placenta and amniotic fluid in the development of the fetus

Describe the structure and function of the male and female reproductive systems

Define genotype, phenotype, allele, dominant, recessive and homozygous, and use them correctly in written answers

Complete genetic crosses for monohybrid inheritance, including a test cross, and state expected ratios

Explain sex determination and give two examples of sex-linked inheritance

Distinguish continuous from discontinuous variation and give two causes of each

Explain how mutation and natural selection can change the frequency of an allele in a population

Classify named diseases as communicable or non-communicable and identify the causative agent of each

Describe the body's first and second lines of defence and explain how vaccination produces immunity

Explain the modes of transmission of at least three named Caribbean-relevant diseases and one control measure for each

Describe the effects of pollution, deforestation and poor waste disposal on human health

Interpret data on disease incidence and suggest one intervention supported by the data

Answer a full timed practice paper under exam conditions and mark it against the mark scheme

Identify the three domain areas where accuracy was lowest and re-teach each weak point

Practise structured questions requiring explanations and data interpretation rather than recall alone

Summarise each domain onto a single revision card containing the highest-yield facts

Draw every required diagram from memory without reference material