Pancyprian Design & Tech flashcards
Pancyprian Design & Tech · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Design brief
- A statement of the problem, client needs, and constraints in the client's terms. It is converted into a measurable specification before concept generation begins.
- Weighted decision matrix
- A concept-selection tool that scores each option against weighted criteria and sums the products. The highest total indicates the preferred concept, subject to sensitivity checks.
- Morphological chart
- A grid listing sub-functions as rows and alternative solutions as columns. Selecting one solution per row produces candidate overall concepts for evaluation.
- Design fixation
- Premature attachment to an early idea that blocks alternative concepts. It is countered by analogies, reversal of the problem, and deliberate divergent generation.
- Young's modulus
- The ratio of tensile stress to strain in the linear elastic region, E = σ/ε. It measures stiffness and is largely independent of component geometry.
- Ductile versus brittle
- Ductile materials undergo large plastic strain before fracture; brittle materials fracture with little plastic deformation. The distinction governs failure warning and design safety.
- Thermoplastic
- A polymer that softens on heating and can be remoulded repeatedly because its chains are not cross-linked. Examples include polyethylene, polypropylene, and ABS.
- Thermoset
- A polymer that cures into a permanent cross-linked network and cannot be remelted. Examples include epoxy, polyester resin, and melamine.
- Galvanising
- Coating steel with zinc so the zinc corrodes preferentially, protecting the steel sacrificially. It is used for outdoor and automotive components.
- Injection moulding draft angle
- A slight taper (typically 1–2°) on moulded walls that allows the part to be ejected without scuffing. Missing draft causes drag marks and ejection damage.
- Vacuum forming
- A heated thermoplastic sheet is drawn over a mould by vacuum. Deep draws require generous radii and are limited by thinning of the sheet.
- CNC machining
- Computer-controlled subtractive manufacturing in which programmed toolpaths drive cutting tools. It suits low-to-medium batches with high dimensional accuracy.
- Interference fit
- A joint in which the shaft is slightly larger than the hole, creating elastic grip when assembled. It transmits torque without fasteners but complicates disassembly.
- First-angle projection
- An orthographic arrangement in which the view from the front is placed above the plan and the left view is placed on the right of the front view.
- Hidden detail line
- A dashed line on a technical drawing showing an edge that is not visible in that view. It is omitted when it would clutter the drawing.
- Isometric projection
- A pictorial drawing with three axes at 30° to the horizontal and true lengths along the axes. It shows three faces at once without perspective distortion.
- Section view
- A drawing that shows an object cut by an imaginary plane. Cut material is hatched, and adjacent parts are hatched in opposite directions for clarity.
- Geometric tolerancing
- Symbolic control of form, orientation, and position where size tolerance is insufficient. It specifies allowable deviation from flatness, parallelism, or true position.
- Static equilibrium
- A structure at rest satisfies ΣF = 0 and ΣM = 0. These equations determine unknown support reactions in determinate structures.
- Second moment of area
- A geometric property measuring resistance to bending about an axis. For a rectangle about its centroidal axis, I = b·h³/12.
- Triangulation
- Bracing a frame with diagonals to form triangles, which are rigid under pin-jointed loading. It prevents the shear distortion of rectangular frames.
- Gear ratio
- The ratio of driven teeth to driver teeth, equal to input speed divided by output speed. Torque is multiplied by the same ratio, ignoring losses.
- Closed-loop control
- A control system that compares sensor feedback with a setpoint and acts on the error. Negative feedback reduces deviation but can oscillate if poorly tuned.
- Efficiency
- The ratio of useful output energy to input energy, expressed as a percentage. Losses appear as heat, sound, or friction and cannot be eliminated entirely.
- Life-cycle assessment
- A structured evaluation of environmental impact across raw material extraction, manufacture, distribution, use, and end-of-life. It identifies the dominant life stage.
- Embodied energy
- The energy consumed to produce a material or product up to the point of use. It is often dominated by material extraction and processing rather than assembly.
- Design for disassembly
- Designing products with reversible fasteners, labelled materials, and accessible joints so parts can be repaired, reused, or separated for recycling.
- Carbon footprint
- The total greenhouse-gas emissions of a product or activity, expressed as CO₂-equivalent mass using global warming potentials over a defined horizon.
- Inclusive design
- Designing for the widest range of user capabilities, including extremes of strength, reach, and vision, rather than for an average user.
- Anthropometric data
- Measurements of human body dimensions used to size products. Reach is set by 5th-percentile values and clearance by 95th-percentile values.
- Planned obsolescence
- Deliberately shortening a product's useful life through functional, technological, or aesthetic design choices. It conflicts with circular-economy and consumer-protection goals.
- Registered design
- An intellectual-property right protecting the appearance of a product, including shape, pattern, and ornamentation, rather than its technical function.