Pancyprian Health Education flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Ottawa Charter action areas

Five health promotion actions: build healthy public policy, create supportive environments, strengthen community action, develop personal skills, and reorient health services.

Health belief model

Explains health behaviour through perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy.

Cardiac output formula

Cardiac output equals heart rate multiplied by stroke volume; normal adult resting output is about five litres per minute.

Incidence vs prevalence

Incidence counts new cases in a population at risk over time; prevalence counts all existing cases at a point or period.

Sensitivity and specificity

Sensitivity is the proportion of true cases correctly identified; specificity is the proportion of non-cases correctly identified.

Herd immunity threshold

The proportion of immune individuals needed to stop transmission, calculated as one minus one divided by R0.

Chain of infection

Six links: infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host.

Body mass index

Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared; overweight is 25 to 29.9 and obesity is 30 or above.

Metabolic syndrome criteria

Requires three of: central obesity, raised triglycerides, low HDL, raised blood pressure, and raised fasting glucose.

Hierarchy of controls

Order of occupational hazard controls: elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment.

PM2.5 health significance

Fine particles under 2.5 micrometres penetrate deep into alveoli and enter the bloodstream; no safe threshold is established.

Exclusive breastfeeding

Feeding only breast milk, without water or other foods, for the first six months, then adding complementary foods.

IASC MHPSS pyramid

Four layers: basic services and security, community and family supports, focused non-specialised supports, and specialised services.

Psychological First Aid

Acute-phase support using Look, Listen, Link; provides safety, calming, connectedness, self-efficacy, and hope without debriefing.

Health literacy levels

Nutbeam describes functional, interactive, and critical health literacy, reflecting increasing ability to use health information.

Teach-back method

Asking the person to explain health information in their own words to confirm understanding and correct misunderstandings.

Universal health coverage

Ensuring all people receive needed health services without financial hardship, across population, services, and cost coverage.

Beveridge vs Bismarck model

Beveridge funds health care through taxation and government provision; Bismarck uses social insurance from employer and employee contributions.

Bradford Hill criteria

Nine viewpoints for causality: strength, consistency, specificity, temporality, gradient, plausibility, coherence, experiment, and analogy.

Direct standardisation

Applying study population age-specific rates to a standard population to compare rates across populations with different age structures.

Antimicrobial stewardship

Coordinated actions to use antimicrobials appropriately, reducing resistance through correct prescribing, dosing, and infection control.

Airborne precautions

Used for tuberculosis and measles; require negative-pressure rooms and fitted N95 respirators for health workers.

Five moments of hand hygiene

Before patient contact, before aseptic task, after body fluid exposure, after patient contact, and after touching surroundings.

Tobacco cessation 5 As

Ask about tobacco use, advise to quit, assess willingness, assist with support and medication, and arrange follow-up.

ALARA principle

Radiation protection principle meaning exposure should be kept as low as reasonably achievable, considering economic and social factors.

Kangaroo mother care

Skin-to-skin contact, exclusive breastfeeding, and early discharge for low-birth-weight infants, reducing neonatal mortality.

PHQ-9 screening

Nine-item depression questionnaire scored zero to twenty-seven; a score of ten or more suggests moderate depression.

COM-B behaviour model

Behaviour occurs when capability, opportunity, and motivation align; interventions should target the deficient component.

Infodemic management

Detecting and responding to excessive or false health information by fact-checking, promoting accurate content, and engaging communities.

Health in All Policies

An approach ensuring health implications are considered systematically across sectors in policy-making, supported by health impact assessment.

One Health approach

Integrated collaboration across human, animal, and environmental health to prevent zoonoses and antimicrobial resistance.

AUDIT screening tool

Ten-item alcohol screening questionnaire; a score of eight or more indicates hazardous or harmful drinking.

Task-shifting

Training and delegating tasks to less specialised health workers to expand access, especially for mental health and primary care.