Pancyprian TS Facial Aesthetics flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Facial nerve (CN VII)

The cranial nerve that innervates the muscles of facial expression, including frontalis, orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris, plus the platysma and stapedius. Damage causes facial asymmetry.

Epidermal turnover time

The period for basal keratinocytes to migrate to the stratum corneum and shed, roughly 28 days in young adults and longer with age or photoaging. It determines exfoliation frequency.

Sebaceous gland distribution

Sebaceous glands are densest on the forehead, nose, chin and mid-back and are androgen-sensitive. Their activity determines oily versus dry skin classification and drives comedone formation.

Fitzpatrick phototype

A six-point scale (I–VI) classifying skin by burning and tanning response to sun exposure. It guides photoprotection advice and predicts risk from light-based treatments.

Macule versus papule

A macule is a flat area of colour change without elevation; a papule is a raised solid lesion under one centimetre. Distinguishing them guides whether extraction or referral is appropriate.

ABCDE melanoma rule

A screening mnemonic: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Colour variation, Diameter over six millimetres, and Evolving change. Any positive feature warrants prompt medical referral.

Isotretinoin contraindication window

Systemic isotretinoin alters skin barrier and healing; many protocols defer exfoliating or resurfacing treatments for about six months after the last dose. Confirm with the prescriber.

Double cleansing

A two-step method using an oil-based cleanser first to dissolve sebum and makeup, then a water-based cleanser to remove residue. It suits oily and makeup-wearing skin.

AHA versus BHA

Alpha-hydroxy acids are water-soluble and act on the stratum corneum surface; beta-hydroxy acid (salicylic acid) is lipid-soluble and penetrates pores, suiting comedonal and oily skin.

Galvanic disincrustation

A direct-current technique using negative polarity to saponify sebum and ease pore cleansing before extraction. It is followed by positive polarity for product penetration.

Lymphatic drainage direction

Facial massage strokes follow lymphatic flow toward submental, submandibular and cervical nodes. Direction supports fluid movement and reduces post-treatment puffiness.

Standard precautions

Treating all blood, body fluids and non-intact skin as potentially infectious regardless of known status. It underpins glove use, hand hygiene and safe waste handling in every treatment.

Disinfection versus sterilisation

Disinfection reduces pathogenic microorganisms on surfaces and tools; sterilisation destroys all microorganisms including bacterial spores. The required level depends on item risk category.

Herpes simplex contraindication

Active cold sores or perioral vesicles are a contraindication to facial treatments, particularly exfoliation and needling, because manipulation can spread the virus and delay healing.

Safety Data Sheet

A document summarising a chemical product's hazards, handling, first aid and disposal. It must be accessible in the salon for every professional product used.

Humectant, emollient, occlusive

Humectants attract water, emollients soften and smooth the skin surface, and occlusives reduce water loss by forming a barrier. Most moisturisers combine all three categories.

Niacinamide function

A water-soluble vitamin B3 derivative that supports barrier lipid synthesis, regulates sebum and can reduce visible redness. Cosmetic concentrations typically range from two to five percent.

Vitamin C instability

L-ascorbic acid is a water-soluble antioxidant that oxidises on exposure to light and air, turning yellow-brown. Formulations often use low pH and opaque, airless packaging.

Ingredient list ordering

Ingredients appear in descending concentration, except those at one percent or less, which may be listed in any order. This helps estimate the significance of an active.

Fragrance-free versus unscented

Fragrance-free products contain no added fragrance; unscented products may contain masking fragrance to neutralise odour. Sensitive clients should check the full ingredient list.

Informed consent elements

Valid consent requires disclosure of the nature of the treatment, risks, benefits, alternatives and the right to refuse, documented in writing before the procedure begins.

Scope of practice

The legally permitted range of treatments a practitioner may perform given their qualification and local regulation. Working outside it creates liability and insurance risk.

Professional indemnity insurance

Cover protecting a practitioner against claims of negligence or harm arising from treatment. Policies must explicitly list each treatment modality offered in the salon.

Open versus closed questions

Open questions invite descriptive answers and build history detail; closed questions confirm specific facts. Skilled consultation alternates both to gather complete and accurate information.

Post-treatment red flags

Blistering, spreading rash, severe pain, fever or pus indicate a possible complication and require stopping home care and urgent medical referral, with the event documented.

Aftercare documentation

Written and verbal instructions covering cleansing, sun protection, activity restrictions and warning signs, recorded in the client file to evidence that guidance was given and understood.

Break-even calculation

Fixed costs divided by the contribution margin per treatment (price minus variable cost) gives the number of treatments needed before the business makes a profit.

Rebooking rate

The proportion of completed appointments where the client books the next visit before leaving. It is a leading indicator of retention and revenue stability in a salon.

FIFO stock rotation

First in, first out: older stock is used before newer deliveries. It prevents product expiry, waste and inconsistent treatment results from degraded formulations.

Peel depth classification

Superficial peels act on the epidermis; medium peels reach the papillary to upper reticular dermis; deep peels reach the mid-reticular dermis. Depth determines risk and recovery time.

Microneedling contraindications

Active acne, isotretinoin use, bleeding disorders, keloid tendency and pregnancy per protocol. These increase infection, bleeding or scarring risk and should be screened before treatment.

LED wavelength targets

Blue light around 415 nanometres targets acne bacteria; red around 630 nanometres supports collagen and healing; near-infrared penetrates deeper for recovery and inflammation.