CyberArk EPM-DEF flashcards

30 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Application elevation

Granting an approved process the privilege required for a defined task under policy, distinct from permanently making the requesting user an unrestricted administrator.

Effective policy match

The rule and action actually applied to an event under current assignment, agent state, conditions and precedence, which must be verified rather than inferred from a console label.

Least Privilege

The principle that users and systems should be granted only the minimum access rights necessary to perform their tasks, reducing the potential damage from accidents or malicious activity.

Separation of Duties

A control that divides critical tasks among different individuals so that no single person can complete a sensitive action alone, helping to prevent fraud and errors.

Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)

An access control model where permissions are assigned to roles rather than individual users, and users are assigned to roles based on their job responsibilities.

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

An authentication method that requires two or more independent credentials from different categories (something you know, have, or are) to verify a user's identity.

Authentication

The process of verifying the identity of a user, device, or system, typically through credentials such as passwords, tokens, or biometrics.

Authorization

The process of determining what actions or resources an authenticated entity is permitted to access, often enforced through access control policies.

Single Sign-On (SSO)

A mechanism that allows a user to log in once and access multiple applications or systems without re-entering credentials, improving usability and centralizing access control.

Encryption

The process of converting plaintext into ciphertext using an algorithm and a key, so that only authorized parties can read the original information.

Symmetric Encryption

An encryption method that uses the same secret key for both encryption and decryption, offering speed but requiring secure key distribution.

Asymmetric Encryption

Encryption using a suitable public-key scheme and a corresponding private key for decryption. Authenticated key distribution and the specified padding/protocol remain essential; signatures and key agreement are distinct constructions.

Hash Function

A digest construction mapping input to an output under its defined algorithm, with cryptographic versions designed for appropriate resistance properties. Password storage needs a suitable salted password-hashing/KDF scheme rather than a bare fast digest.

Digital Signature

An electronic signature that uses asymmetric cryptography to verify the authenticity and integrity of a message or document.

Access control

The policies and mechanisms that determine who can access which systems, data, or facilities and under what conditions.

Patch Management

The process of identifying, acquiring, testing, and installing software updates (patches) to fix vulnerabilities and improve system security.

Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR)

A security solution that continuously monitors endpoint devices for suspicious activity, provides forensic data, and enables automated response to threats.

Antivirus Software

A program that detects, prevents, and removes malicious software (malware) from computer systems, often using signature-based and heuristic methods.

Hardening

The process of securing a system by reducing its attack surface, such as disabling unnecessary services, closing unused ports, and applying secure configurations.

Security Information and Event Management (SIEM)

A system that collects, aggregates, and analyzes log data from various sources to detect security incidents and support compliance reporting.

Incident Response

A structured approach to handling security incidents, typically including preparation, detection, containment, eradication, recovery, and lessons learned.

Vulnerability

A weakness in a system, application, or process that could be exploited by a threat to cause harm or unauthorized access.

Vulnerability Scanning

The automated process of identifying and assessing weaknesses in systems and applications, often using tools that compare configurations against known vulnerability databases.

Penetration Testing

A simulated cyber attack against a system to evaluate its security posture, identify vulnerabilities, and test defenses.

Risk Assessment

The process of identifying, analyzing, and evaluating risks to determine their potential impact and likelihood, often used to prioritize security controls.

Risk Management

The coordinated activities to direct and control an organization regarding risk, including risk assessment, treatment, acceptance, and communication.

Security Audit

A systematic examination of an organization's security controls, policies, and procedures to verify compliance with standards and identify areas for improvement.

Risk

The effect of uncertainty on objectives, usually described by the likelihood of an event and its potential impact.

Inherent risk

The level of risk that exists before any controls or risk responses are applied to a process, asset, or activity.

Residual risk

The risk remaining after controls and risk responses have been implemented and their effectiveness has been considered.