CyberArk EPM-DEF key terms

Granting an approved process the privilege required for a defined task under policy, distinct from permanently making the requesting user an unrestricted administrator.

The rule and action actually applied to an event under current assignment, agent state, conditions and precedence, which must be verified rather than inferred from a console label.

The principle that users and systems should be granted only the minimum access rights necessary to perform their tasks, reducing the potential damage from accidents or malicious activity.

A control that divides critical tasks among different individuals so that no single person can complete a sensitive action alone, helping to prevent fraud and errors.

An access control model where permissions are assigned to roles rather than individual users, and users are assigned to roles based on their job responsibilities.

An authentication method that requires two or more independent credentials from different categories (something you know, have, or are) to verify a user's identity.

The process of verifying the identity of a user, device, or system, typically through credentials such as passwords, tokens, or biometrics.

The process of determining what actions or resources an authenticated entity is permitted to access, often enforced through access control policies.

A mechanism that allows a user to log in once and access multiple applications or systems without re-entering credentials, improving usability and centralizing access control.

The process of converting plaintext into ciphertext using an algorithm and a key, so that only authorized parties can read the original information.

An encryption method that uses the same secret key for both encryption and decryption, offering speed but requiring secure key distribution.

Encryption using a suitable public-key scheme and a corresponding private key for decryption. Authenticated key distribution and the specified padding/protocol remain essential; signatures and key agreement are distinct constructions.

A digest construction mapping input to an output under its defined algorithm, with cryptographic versions designed for appropriate resistance properties. Password storage needs a suitable salted password-hashing/KDF scheme rather than a bare fast digest.

An electronic signature that uses asymmetric cryptography to verify the authenticity and integrity of a message or document.

The policies and mechanisms that determine who can access which systems, data, or facilities and under what conditions.

The process of identifying, acquiring, testing, and installing software updates (patches) to fix vulnerabilities and improve system security.

A security solution that continuously monitors endpoint devices for suspicious activity, provides forensic data, and enables automated response to threats.

A program that detects, prevents, and removes malicious software (malware) from computer systems, often using signature-based and heuristic methods.

The process of securing a system by reducing its attack surface, such as disabling unnecessary services, closing unused ports, and applying secure configurations.

A system that collects, aggregates, and analyzes log data from various sources to detect security incidents and support compliance reporting.

A structured approach to handling security incidents, typically including preparation, detection, containment, eradication, recovery, and lessons learned.

A weakness in a system, application, or process that could be exploited by a threat to cause harm or unauthorized access.

The automated process of identifying and assessing weaknesses in systems and applications, often using tools that compare configurations against known vulnerability databases.

A simulated cyber attack against a system to evaluate its security posture, identify vulnerabilities, and test defenses.

The process of identifying, analyzing, and evaluating risks to determine their potential impact and likelihood, often used to prioritize security controls.

The coordinated activities to direct and control an organization regarding risk, including risk assessment, treatment, acceptance, and communication.

A systematic examination of an organization's security controls, policies, and procedures to verify compliance with standards and identify areas for improvement.

The effect of uncertainty on objectives, usually described by the likelihood of an event and its potential impact.

The level of risk that exists before any controls or risk responses are applied to a process, asset, or activity.

The risk remaining after controls and risk responses have been implemented and their effectiveness has been considered.