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Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Abitur Law (Rechtslehre) study materials
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Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Abitur Law (Rechtslehre) practice questions

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Question 1Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

In German civil law, what does Rechtsfähigkeit primarily mean?

  1. The ability to drive a motor vehicle
  2. The capacity to be a holder of rights and duties (Rechtssubjekt) Correct answer.
  3. The capacity to litigate without a lawyer
  4. The capacity to vote in Bundestag elections

Explanation

Rechtsfähigkeit is the capacity to hold rights and duties. Natural persons generally acquire it at birth (§ 1 BGB); legal persons acquire it upon effective formation under their governing statutes.

Question 2Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

What is Geschäftsfähigkeit in BGB terminology?

  1. The ability to own property regardless of age
  2. The capacity to effectuate Rechtsgeschäfte through one’s own declarations (Willenserklärungen) Correct answer.
  3. The duty to pay taxes
  4. The right to sit as a Schöffe

Explanation

Geschäftsfähigkeit concerns whether a person can validly conclude Rechtsgeschäfte by their own Willenserklärungen; it is graded (geschäftsunfähig / beschränkt geschäftsfähig / voll geschäftsfähig).

Question 3Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

A child who has not yet completed the seventh year of life is generally:

  1. Voll geschäftsfähig
  2. Geschäftsunfähig Correct answer.
  3. Beschränkt geschäftsfähig only for employment contracts
  4. Rechtsunfähig

Explanation

§ 104 Nr. 1 BGB: a person who has not completed the seventh year of life is geschäftsunfähig. Willenserklärungen of a geschäftsunfähigen person are void (§ 105 BGB).

Question 4Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

A 15-year-old who concludes a Kaufvertrag without required consent will typically face which BGB consequence?

  1. The contract is always fully effective like an adult’s contract
  2. The contract is schwebend unwirksam until the gesetzliche Vertreter consent (or refuse) Correct answer.
  3. The minor is automatically strafrechtlich liable for Betrug
  4. Only the seller can void the contract at will forever

Explanation

Minors from completed age 7 are beschränkt geschäftsfähig (§ 106 BGB). Contracts needing consent are generally schwebend unwirksam until the gesetzliche Vertreter genehmigen or not (§§ 107–108 BGB), subject to exceptions such as merely legal-advantageous acts or Taschengeldparagraph contexts.

Question 5Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

When does a natural person generally become voll geschäftsfähig?

  1. At age 16
  2. Upon completing the 18th year of life (Volljährigkeit) Correct answer.
  3. Only after Abitur
  4. At age 21 under current BGB

Explanation

§ 2 BGB sets Volljährigkeit at completion of age 18; with majority comes full Geschäftsfähigkeit (absent protective measures such as Betreuung limiting capacity).

Question 6Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Deliktfähigkeit primarily concerns:

  1. Whether a person can register a Firma
  2. Whether a person can be tortiously liable for damages under §§ 823 ff. BGB rules on accountability Correct answer.
  3. Whether a person can vote
  4. Whether a GmbH has Stammkapital

Explanation

Deliktfähigkeit addresses accountability for unerlaubte Handlungen. Age-graded rules appear especially in § 828 BGB (and related provisions).

Question 7Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Under § 828 BGB, a child who has not yet completed seven years of age:

  1. Is fully deliktsfähig like an adult
  2. Is not responsible for damage they cause to another Correct answer.
  3. Is only liable in Handelsgeschäfte
  4. Is automatically criminally responsible under StGB

Explanation

§ 828 Abs. 1 BGB: who has not completed the seventh year of life is not responsible for damage caused to another.

Question 8Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Which are Rechtssubjekte in the BGB system taught in Rahmenplan Einführung in das Bürgerliche Recht?

  1. Only movable Sachen
  2. Natural persons, certain rechtsfähige Personengesellschaften, and juristische Personen Correct answer.
  3. Only the State
  4. Only registered Kaufleute

Explanation

Rahmenplan 4.1.1 distinguishes natural persons, rechtsfähige Personengesellschaften, and juristische Personen as Rechtssubjekte; Sachen are Rechtsobjekte.

Question 9Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

In BGB methods taught for Rechtslehre, the simplified claim check often remembered as the four “W” asks:

  1. Wann, Warum, Wieviel, Weshalb
  2. Wer will was von wem woraus Correct answer.
  3. Wo, Wie, Wann, Warum only for Strafrecht
  4. Welche Firma, Welches Register, Welche Haftung, Welche Organe only

Explanation

Rahmenplan emphasises the Generalformel Wer will was von wem woraus as a structured approach to Anspruchsprüfung.

Question 10Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

A Willenserklärung that is merely legally advantageous to a beschränkt geschäftsfähigen minor generally:

  1. Always requires prior Zustimmung of the gesetzliche Vertreter
  2. Can be effected without Zustimmung under § 107 BGB logic (kein rechtlicher Nachteil) Correct answer.
  3. Is void because all minor declarations are void
  4. Converts the minor into a Kaufmann

Explanation

§ 107 BGB: the minor needs Zustimmung for Willenserklärungen that are not merely legally advantageous. Purely advantageous acts (classic: accepting a gift without burdens) do not require consent.

Question 11Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Anfechtung of a Willenserklärung (e.g. for Irrtum) primarily aims to:

  1. Create a new Kaufvertrag automatically
  2. Destroy the effect of a previously effective declaration with ex tunc consequences under Anfechtungsregeln Correct answer.
  3. Register the party in the Handelsregister
  4. Convert Zivilrecht into Strafrecht

Explanation

Anfechtung (where available) voids the legal effect of a Willenserklärung under §§ 119 ff. BGB with the statutory temporal effects; it is a core Allgemeiner Teil tool also presupposed for special Schuldverhältnisse.

Question 12Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Nichtigkeit of a Rechtsgeschäft means:

  1. It is fully effective until a court later cancels it years later without statutory basis
  2. It does not bring about the intended legal consequences from the outset (ex tunc voidness in the usual sense) Correct answer.
  3. It is always identical to Anfechtung
  4. It only applies in Arbeitsrecht

Explanation

Nichtige Rechtsgeschäfte lack the intended legal effect; Anfechtung is a different pathway that can lead to Nichtigkeit after effective Anfechtung.

Question 13Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Which pair correctly matches Rechtsobjekt examples in Rahmenplan terms?

  1. Natural person - Rechtsobjekt; car - Rechtssubjekt
  2. Movable and immovable Sachen - typical Rechtsobjekte; persons - Rechtssubjekte Correct answer.
  3. Only claims (Forderungen) can be Rechtsobjekte; Sachen never can
  4. Only animals are Rechtssubjekte

Explanation

Rahmenplan 4.1.1 contrasts Rechtssubjekte with Rechtsobjekte such as bewegliche and unbewegliche Sachen (plus related categories like wesentliche Bestandteile/Zubehör).

Question 14Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Öffentliches Recht vs Privatrecht - which statement is most accurate for Einführung in das Bürgerliche Recht?

  1. The BGB is primarily a Privatrecht codification; Öffentliches Recht governs citizen–state relationships and public authority Correct answer.
  2. The BGB exclusively regulates criminal punishment
  3. Privatrecht never uses written statutes
  4. Öffentliches Recht is only customary unwritten law

Explanation

Rahmenplan maps Rechtsgebiete into Öffentliches Recht / Privatrecht; the BGB is the core private-law code for civil relationships.

Question 15Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

What is the core mutual obligation structure of the Kaufvertrag under § 433 BGB?

  1. Only the buyer must deliver the thing; the seller pays nothing
  2. Seller must deliver and transfer Eigentum; buyer must pay the Kaufpreis and take delivery Correct answer.
  3. Only a notary can create a Kaufvertrag for movables
  4. Kaufvertrag is always a one-sided gift

Explanation

§ 433 BGB: Verkäufer Pflicht zur Übergabe and Eigentumsverschaffung; Käufer Pflicht zur Zahlung des Kaufpreises and Abnahme.

Question 16Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Bürgschaft in BGB teaching for this exam is typically characterised as:

  1. A purely two-sided synallagmatic Kaufvertrag
  2. An essentially one-sided Verpflichtungsgeschäft securing another’s debt (Bürge liable for Hauptschuldner) Correct answer.
  3. A form of Eigentumserwerb by Ersitzung
  4. A criminal Nebenstrafe

Explanation

Rahmenplan highlights Bürgschaft as einseitig verpflichtendes Rechtsgeschäft; §§ 765 ff. BGB: Bürge undertakes to the Gläubiger to be responsible for the Hauptschuldner’s obligation. Written form for declaration of Bürgschaft is generally required (§ 766 BGB), with Kaufmann exceptions.

Question 17Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Lieferverzug of the seller in a Kaufvertrag scenario most directly concerns:

  1. The buyer’s failure to pay on time only
  2. The seller’s delay in performing the delivery obligation when due and other Verzug requirements are met Correct answer.
  3. Automatic transfer of Grundstückseigentum
  4. Criminal Unterschlagung in every delay

Explanation

Vertragsstörungen teaching separates Gläubiger- and Schuldner-/Liefererverzug. Lieferverzug addresses delayed seller performance under the Verzug framework (Mahnung/Frist situations as applicable).

Question 18Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Annahmeverzug (Gläubigerverzug) occurs when:

  1. The debtor never owed anything
  2. The creditor fails to accept properly offered performance Correct answer.
  3. The seller delivers early without any offer rules
  4. A GmbH issues shares

Explanation

Annahmeverzug is Gläubigerverzug: the Gläubiger does not accept the properly offered Leistung (§§ 293 ff. BGB).

Question 19Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Mangelhafte Sache / Sachmangel rights in sales law primarily give the buyer Gewährleistungs remedies such as:

  1. Immediate criminal complaint as the only remedy
  2. Nacherfüllung, and further rights like Rücktritt/Minderung/Schadensersatz under the statutory cascade when requirements are met Correct answer.
  3. Automatic ownership of the seller’s entire business
  4. Only a moral apology with no civil claims

Explanation

Kaufrecht Mangelrechte centre on Nacherfüllung (§ 439 BGB) and secondary rights (Rücktritt, Minderung, damages) under §§ 437 ff. BGB when a Sachmangel exists at Gefahrübergang.

Question 20Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Which statement about Eigentumserwerb is aligned with Rahmenplan Sachenrecht?

  1. Eigentum can never transfer by Rechtsgeschäft
  2. Eigentum may be acquired by Rechtsgeschäft (e.g. Übereignung) or by Gesetz in specified cases Correct answer.
  3. Only Besitz can be transferred; Eigentum is non-transferable
  4. Eigentum of land always transfers by simple oral agreement alone

Explanation

Rahmenplan 4.2.2 lists Eigentumserwerb kraft Gesetz und kraft Rechtsgeschäft. Movables: §§ 929 ff. BGB; land: Auflassung + Eintragung (§§ 873, 925 BGB).

Question 21Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Which contract type is explicitly a BGB named Vertrag relevant to Vorabhinweise ‘alle explizit im BGB genannten Vertragsarten’ study?

  1. Only ‘handshake deals’ with no BGB heading
  2. Mietvertrag, Werkvertrag, Dienstvertrag, Darlehensvertrag, and other titled special Schuldverhältnisse in the BGB Particular Part Correct answer.
  3. Only GmbH Gesellschaftsverträge
  4. Only Tarifverträge

Explanation

Vorabhinweise prioritise explicitly BGB-named Vertragsarten and their disturbances; classic examples include Kauf, Miete, Werkvertrag, Dienstvertrag, Darlehen, Schenkung, etc.

Question 22Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Werkvertrag (§ 631 BGB) centres on:

  1. Transfer of Eigentum in a specific existing movable only
  2. Herstellung / production of a promised Werk against Vergütung Correct answer.
  3. Only free temporary loan of a thing (Leihe)
  4. Only employment subordination

Explanation

Werkvertrag: Unternehmer undertakes to produce the Werk; Besteller pays the Vergütung. Distinct from Kauf and from Dienst-/Arbeitsvertrag.

Question 23Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Darlehensvertrag typically obliges the Darlehensgeber to:

  1. Gift money without repayment expectation
  2. Provide a sum (or fungibles) and the Darlehensnehmer to repay (often with Zinsen if agreed) Correct answer.
  3. Deliver a specific unique artwork as Eigentum without repayment
  4. Hire the borrower as Arbeitnehmer

Explanation

Darlehen (§§ 488 ff. BGB): provision of capital with repayment duty; interest if agreed. Rahmenplan also flags Darlehen in AT Schuldverhältnisse teaching.

Question 24Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

If a Bürge pays the Gläubiger, what civil follow-on is typically discussed?

  1. The Bürge never has recourse
  2. The Bürge may have Ausgleichs-/Regress claims against the Hauptschuldner under statutory/assignment constructions Correct answer.
  3. The Hauptschuld disappears for everyone except the Bürge forever without payment
  4. Criminal punishment of the Gläubiger is automatic

Explanation

After performance by the Bürge, regress against the Hauptschuldner is a standard security-law consequence (often via Übergang of the claim).

Question 25Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Which is a typical Gläubiger right when the Schuldner is in Verzug (assuming requirements met)?

  1. Only a polite reminder with no legal effect ever
  2. Possible Schadensersatz wegen Verzögerung and, where further requirements met, other performance-related rights Correct answer.
  3. Automatic criminal Haftstrafe
  4. Immediate Eigentum in all of the debtor’s land without foreclosure rules

Explanation

Verzug can trigger delay damages (§ 280 Abs. 2, § 286 BGB framework) and interact with further remedies depending on the disturbance type.

Question 26Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Dienstvertrag (§ 611 BGB) historically/structurally emphasises:

  1. Production of a specific Erfolg as Werk
  2. Performance of services (Dienste) as such against Vergütung - distinct from Werkvertrag Erfolgshaftung Correct answer.
  3. Only corporate merger procedures
  4. Only criminal defence

Explanation

Dienstvertrag focuses on Tätigwerden; Werkvertrag on Herbeiführung eines Erfolgs. Arbeitsvertrag is a special employment relationship overlapping service concepts but with labour protective law.

Question 27Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Vorabhinweise 2026 list Eigentum und Besitz under which Themenfeld?

  1. Straf- und Strafprozessrecht only
  2. Recht der Schuldverhältnisse im Besonderen (alongside Vertragsarten/Störungen and Bürgschaft) Correct answer.
  3. Only Fakultative Themenfelder such as Urheberrecht
  4. Only Arbeitsrecht Kollektiv

Explanation

Vorabhinweise §12.4 places Eigentum und Besitz under Recht der Schuldverhältnisse im Besonderen together with Vertragsarten and Bürgschaft.

Question 28Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

The Handelsregister primarily serves to:

  1. Secretly hide merchant data from creditors
  2. Publicly disclose key merchant/company facts with legal publicity effects Correct answer.
  3. Replace the Grundbuch for all land ownership
  4. Record only criminal convictions of employees

Explanation

Rahmenplan: Inhalt und Bedeutung der Handelsregistereintragung - publicity and reliance functions for commercial legal relations.

Question 29Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Firma in HGB sense means:

  1. Any employee nickname
  2. The commercial name under which a Kaufmann operates (Firmenrecht), subject to Firmengrundsätze Correct answer.
  3. Only the physical shop building
  4. Only the VAT ID number

Explanation

Rahmenplan 4.3.1 Firma: Grundsätze der Firmierung; Bestandteile/Firmenarten. Firma is the business name in commercial law.

Question 30Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

A Prokurist typically:

  1. Has no power of representation
  2. Holds Prokura - a broad commercial power of agency registered in the Handelsregister, with statutory limits (e.g. regarding Grundstück transfers) Correct answer.
  3. Is always a limited partner (Kommanditist)
  4. Is identical to a silent partner

Explanation

Rahmenplan lists Prokurist among Mitarbeiter des Kaufmanns; Prokura is a strong, register-published Vollmacht under HGB with defined limits.

Question 31Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

OHG (Offene Handelsgesellschaft) is characterised especially by:

  1. Limited liability of all partners like a GmbH
  2. Personengesellschaft of Kaufleute with personal liability of Gesellschafter (no liability shield like Kapitalgesellschaft) Correct answer.
  3. Being identical to an AG with Börsenlisting
  4. Requiring minimum Stammkapital of €25,000

Explanation

OHG is a Personengesellschaft; partners generally bear personal liability. Stammkapital €25,000 is a GmbH feature.

Question 32Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

In a KG (Kommanditgesellschaft), which liability split is standard teaching?

  1. All partners always limited like GmbH shareholders
  2. Komplementäre personally unlimited; Kommanditisten limited to their Haftsumme/contribution rules Correct answer.
  3. Only employees are liable
  4. No one is ever liable to creditors

Explanation

KG: general partners (Komplementäre) unlimited; limited partners (Kommanditisten) limited - a core Vorabhinweise Rechtsformen item.

Question 33Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

GmbH & Co. KG is taught as a Mischform because:

  1. It is a sole proprietorship only
  2. A GmbH (Kapitalgesellschaft) typically acts as Komplementärin of a KG, combining KG structure with limited-liability management vehicle Correct answer.
  3. It is identical to a Verein
  4. It cannot be entered in any register

Explanation

Vorabhinweise explicitly list Mischformen (GmbH & Co. KG). The GmbH usually is the personally liable partner, limiting human owners’ direct personal exposure.

Question 34Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

A GmbH is a Kapitalgesellschaft whose shareholders generally:

  1. Are personally unlimitedly liable like OHG partners for all company debts
  2. Risk their Einlage/Stammkapital share; the GmbH itself is the liability subject Correct answer.
  3. Never need a Gesellschaftsvertrag
  4. Are automatically Kaufleute as natural persons without the company

Explanation

GmbH provides limited liability of Gesellschafter; creditors look primarily to company assets. Vorabhinweise list GmbH among Rechtsformen.

Question 35Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

UG (haftungsbeschränkt) is best described as:

  1. A listed Aktiengesellschaft with minimum capital of €50,000
  2. An Unternehmergesellschaft variant of GmbH law allowing formation with lower Stammkapital (minimum €1) and special accumulation rules toward GmbH capital Correct answer.
  3. A partnership without any capital rules
  4. A public authority

Explanation

Vorabhinweise list UG (haftungsbeschränkt). It is the low-capital GmbH variant under GmbHG with Pflicht zur Rücklagenbildung until Stammkapital reaches classic GmbH threshold.

Question 36Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Aktiengesellschaft (AG) is characterised by:

  1. No legal personality
  2. Kapitalgesellschaft with Grundkapital divided into Aktien; organs typically Vorstand, Aufsichtsrat, Hauptversammlung Correct answer.
  3. Identical liability rules to a GbR without modification
  4. Being unable to have a Firma

Explanation

AG is a Kapitalgesellschaft; Vorabhinweise list Aktiengesellschaft. Organstruktur and share capital are defining teaching points.

Question 37Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Handlungsvollmacht differs from Prokura mainly because:

  1. Both are identical in statutory scope and registration
  2. Handlungsvollmacht is generally more limited/internal commercial authority and not the same statutory Prokura package; Prokura has stronger HGB scope and register publicity Correct answer.
  3. Handlungsvollmacht always allows Grundstück sales without limit
  4. Only Prokura can ever bind a merchant

Explanation

Rahmenplan lists both Prokurist and Handlungsbevollmächtigter. Prokura is the specially regulated, typically registered commercial agency; Handlungsvollmacht is narrower ordinary commercial authority.

Question 38Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

GbR (Gesellschaft bürgerlichen Rechts) differs from OHG especially in that:

  1. GbR is always a Kapitalgesellschaft with Stammkapital
  2. GbR is the general civil-law partnership; OHG is the commercial partnership for a Handelsgewerbe under HGB Correct answer.
  3. OHG cannot have partners
  4. GbR shares must be listed on an exchange

Explanation

Rahmenplan lists GbR among Personengesellschaften and OHG/KG as commercial partnerships - Handelsgewerbe is the key gateway to OHG.

Question 39Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Compared with Personengesellschaften, Kapitalgesellschaften (GmbH/AG) are especially used when parties want:

  1. Mandatory personal unlimited liability of all investors
  2. Separation of company liability from shareholders’ private assets (limited risk to capital) Correct answer.
  3. Abolition of all bookkeeping
  4. To avoid any register publicity forever

Explanation

Limited liability and legal personality of Kapitalgesellschaften are the strategic contrast taught against OHG-style personal liability.

Question 40Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Which Vorabhinweise 2026 Rechtsformen list is complete for the Schwerpunkt line?

  1. Only GbR and Verein
  2. OHG, KG, Mischformen (GmbH & Co. KG), Aktiengesellschaft, GmbH, UG (haftungsbeschränkt) Correct answer.
  3. Only freiberufliche Praxis without companies
  4. Only ausländische Limited without German forms

Explanation

Vorabhinweise §12.4 explicitly lists OHG, KG, Mischformen (GmbH & Co. KG), AG, GmbH, UG (haftungsbeschränkt).

Question 41Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Stille Gesellschaft is:

  1. A listed AG subtype
  2. A typically internal participation arrangement where the silent partner contributes and shares results without appearing as open trading partner like OHG members Correct answer.
  3. Identical to Prokura
  4. A criminal conspiracy label in StGB

Explanation

Rahmenplan lists stille Gesellschaft among Personengesellschaften; it is an internal company participation, distinct from open commercial partnerships.

Question 42Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Which organ typically manages an AG’s day-to-day business under stock-corporation structure?

  1. The Betriebsrat alone
  2. The Vorstand Correct answer.
  3. Only the Kommanditisten
  4. The Amtsgericht as Geschäftsführer

Explanation

AG organs: Vorstand (management), Aufsichtsrat (supervision), Hauptversammlung (shareholders). Betriebsrat is labour Mitbestimmung, not AG management organ.

Question 43Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

A GmbH Geschäftsführer primarily:

  1. Sits only as Aufsichtsrat without management power
  2. Represents and manages the GmbH as organ under GmbHG rules (with duties to the company) Correct answer.
  3. Is always a Kommanditist
  4. Cannot bind the GmbH in Handelsgeschäfte

Explanation

GmbH management/representation centres on the Geschäftsführer as organ - a standard comparison point when analysing Rechtsformen.

Question 44Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Core reciprocal duties of the Arbeitsvertrag typically include:

  1. Employee must pay the employer a monthly franchise fee only
  2. Employee’s Arbeitspflicht / duty of loyalty vs employer’s Vergütungspflicht and Fürsorgepflicht (plus further accessory duties) Correct answer.
  3. Only the employer must work; employee only observes
  4. No duties exist until a Tarifvertrag is signed

Explanation

Vorabhinweise emphasise Rechte und Pflichten aus dem Arbeitsvertrag - Leistungsaustausch of work for pay with protective accessory duties.

Question 45Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Ordentliche Kündigung vs außerordentliche Kündigung - which is accurate?

  1. Both are identical and never need justification discussion
  2. Ordentliche Kündigung observes statutory/contractual notice periods; außerordentliche (often fristlos) requires an important reason under § 626 BGB framework Correct answer.
  3. Außerordentliche Kündigung is only available to employees under 18
  4. Ordentliche Kündigung is always criminal

Explanation

Rahmenplan 4.4.1: ordentliche und außerordentliche Kündigung. § 626 BGB is the classic important-reason track for extraordinary termination.

Question 46Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Under § 623 BGB, a Kündigung of an Arbeitsverhältnis generally must be:

  1. Oral only, via WhatsApp voice note
  2. In writing (Schriftform) to be effective Correct answer.
  3. Published in the Handelsregister
  4. Approved by the Amtsgericht in advance in every case

Explanation

§ 623 BGB requires written form for Kündigung (and Aufhebungsvertrag). Electronic form is insufficient under that provision’s standard reading.

Question 47Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

Allgemeiner Kündigungsschutz under the KSchG typically requires, among other conditions, that:

  1. The workplace always has fewer than five employees and one day of service
  2. The KSchG applies to the Betrieb (commonly discussed threshold: more than 10 employees in the usual teaching model) and the employee has completed the waiting period (generally six months) Correct answer.
  3. Only Beamte are covered
  4. Only GmbH Geschäftsführer are covered as employees always

Explanation

Rahmenplan flags gesetzliche Grundlagen des Kündigungsschutzes. Standard school presentation: KSchG applicability with employee-count threshold and six-month Wartezeit; social justification grounds then matter.

Question 48Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

An Aufhebungsvertrag is:

  1. A unilateral ordentliche Kündigung by the employer only
  2. A mutual agreement ending the Arbeitsverhältnis (requires Schriftform under § 623 BGB) Correct answer.
  3. A Tarifvertrag for an entire industry
  4. A criminal confession

Explanation

Rahmenplan lists Aufhebungsvertrag alongside Kündigung types as a Beendigung path - consensual termination in writing.

Question 49Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

If a Betriebsrat exists, failure to hear it before a Kündigung can:

  1. Never matter legally
  2. Render the Kündigung ineffective under BetrVG Anhörungsregeln Correct answer.
  3. Automatically create a GmbH
  4. Convert the employee into a Kaufmann

Explanation

Classic labour-law teaching: ordnungsgemäße Betriebsratsanhörung is a Wirksamkeitsvoraussetzung for employer Kündigung when a Betriebsrat exists.

Question 50Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Rechtslehre: civil, commercial and applied legal reasoning

An Arbeitszeugnis duty typically means:

  1. The employer may never issue any document
  2. On ending employment, the employee can claim a Zeugnis; content/form rules protect truthful, benevolent evaluation standards in case law/teaching Correct answer.
  3. Only the employee writes a Zeugnis about the employer with legal force as Kündigung
  4. Zeugnisse replace Tarifverträge

Explanation

Rahmenplan lists Arbeitszeugnis among Individualarbeitsrecht topics; § 109 GewO is the classic statutory anchor for Zeugnis claims.