Emergency response, accident prevention and first aid
Domain 6 tests scene safety, basic life support and accident prevention. The exam expects a calm sequence: protect the scene, call 112, assess the casualty, act within your training and hand over clearly.
Scene safety first
Switch off the engine, apply the parking brake, switch on hazard lights and put on a hi-vis vest before exiting. Place a warning triangle where approaching traffic will see it, and keep bystanders behind a barrier. Look for spilled fuel, damaged ADR labels, live wires, fire risk and moving traffic. Do not become the next casualty. In Denmark, call 112 for police, fire or ambulance; give the location, number of casualties, hazards and a callback number.
Assessment and first aid
Use DR ABC: Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation. If the casualty is unresponsive and not breathing normally, start CPR: 30 compressions at 100–120 per minute, 5–6 cm deep, then two rescue breaths if trained and willing; use an AED as soon as it arrives. If breathing, place in the recovery position and monitor. Control severe bleeding with direct pressure; do not remove impaled objects. Cool burns with water; do not apply creams. Keep the casualty warm and do not give food or drink.
Prevention
Defensive driving prevents more incidents than first aid. Manage speed, space and distraction; check blind spots for cyclists and pedestrians; take breaks before fatigue; and secure loose objects in the cab.
Worked example
A motorcyclist is lying in the road, unresponsive but breathing. First protect the scene and call 112. Check response and breathing; because breathing is present, place the casualty in the recovery position, keep the helmet on unless the airway is obstructed, and monitor continuously. Do not move them to 'make them comfortable' or give water. If breathing stops, begin CPR and send for an AED.
Traps
Moving a casualty unnecessarily; removing a helmet; giving food or drink; approaching a live carriageway without warning; and using water on an electrical fire.