Estonian Basic-School Biology Exam study guide
Estonian Basic-School Biology Exam · Work through your exam, one topic at a time.
The Estonian basic-school biology final examination (põhikooli bioloogia lõppeksam) is the school-leaving assessment in biology taken at the end of year 9, closing the compulsory basic-school programme. It is intended for students completing põhikool, for candidates who are retaking or improving a grade, and for anyone who needs evidence of basic-school biology competence for admission to gümnaasium or vocational study. The Estonian Basic-School Biology Exam study guide has 9 sections and about 3,513 words.
01Organisms and Their Diversity (Taxonomy)
Organisms and their diversity is the taxonomy domain of the basic-school biology exam. Questions ask you to place an unfamiliar organism into the correct group from a written description, to work through a dichotomous key, and to read and write a binomial name correctly.
436 words, about 2 min02Cell Biology and the Organisation of Living Things
This domain tests whether you can link a structure to its function, distinguish plant from animal and prokaryotic from eukaryotic cells, explain how substances cross membranes, and place cells correctly into the levels of organisation. Nucleus : holds DNA, controls the cell.
385 words, about 2 min03Plant Biology: Structure, Nutrition, Growth and Reproduction
Plant questions test the transport system, photosynthesis as a process with limiting factors, how growth happens at meristems, and the flower-to-fruit sequence of sexual reproduction. Root hair cells absorb water by osmosis and mineral ions by active transport.
381 words, about 2 min04Animal Biology: Structure, Nutrition, Respiration, Circulation and Reproduction
This domain compares animal groups by how they solve the same problems - getting food, oxygen and blood around the body - and by their reproductive strategies. Cnidarians have a gastrovascular cavity with one opening.
386 words, about 2 min05Human Anatomy and Physiology
Human physiology questions ask you to trace a substance through a system, match an organ's structure to its function, and explain a homeostatic response in a sequence of steps. Mechanical breakdown in the mouth and stomach; chemical digestion by enzymes: amylase (starch → maltose), protease (protein → amino acids), lipase (fat → glycerol and fatty acids).
385 words, about 2 min06Genetics and Heredity
Genetics questions test the vocabulary of inheritance, the difference between mitosis and meiosis, and your ability to carry out and interpret a monohybrid cross. A gene is a section of DNA coding for a protein; alleles are the different versions of a gene.
373 words, about 2 min07Evolution and the History of Life on Earth
Evolution questions ask you to explain natural selection as a sequence of steps, to interpret evidence, and to place events such as the first life, the Cambrian explosion and the mass extinctions on a geological timescale. Individuals in a population vary, and the variation is inherited.
363 words, about 2 min08Ecology and the Environment
Ecology questions ask you to build and read food webs, calculate energy transfer, explain nutrient cycles, and evaluate human impact using cause-and-effect chains. An ecosystem is the community of organisms plus the abiotic factors - light, temperature, water, soil, pH.
396 words, about 2 min09Scientific Inquiry and Practical Skills
This domain tests whether you can design a fair test, name variables correctly, present and read data, and judge how far a conclusion is supported by the evidence given. A hypothesis is a testable prediction, not a question.
408 words, about 2 min