Estonian Basic-School Physics Exam study plan

Convert between km/h and m/s fluently and solve 15 uniform-motion problems using the formula s = vt, showing units in every line.

Sketch and interpret displacement–time and velocity–time graphs for 10 described motions, stating where acceleration is zero, positive or negative.

Apply the equations for uniformly accelerated motion (v = v0 + at, s = v0t + at²/2) to 12 free-fall and braking problems.

Set up a measurement log with quantity, symbol, unit and uncertainty for every value you record this week.

Draw free-body diagrams for 12 situations (incline, lift, towed trailer, hanging lamp) and label every force with its Newton's-third-law partner.

Solve 10 problems combining F = ma with friction, including static versus kinetic friction and the normal force on an incline.

Calculate pressure in solids (p = F/A) and in liquids (p = ρgh) and explain 5 everyday examples such as snowshoes, dams and hydraulic brakes.

Compute work, power and efficiency for 8 mechanical systems and state where energy is dissipated.

Apply conservation of mechanical energy and the work–energy theorem to 10 problems involving ramps, pendulums and springs.

Convert between Celsius, kelvin and the concept of absolute zero, and explain thermal expansion with 3 concrete examples.

Distinguish heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation and identify the dominant mechanism in 10 everyday situations.

Calculate the heat needed to warm or melt a substance using Q = mcΔT and Q = mL, keeping units consistent.

Describe the particle model of solids, liquids and gases and use it to explain diffusion, evaporation, boiling and the shape of the heating curve.

Solve 10 problems on specific heat capacity and specific latent heat, including mixing problems with no heat loss.

State Ohm's law, define current, voltage and resistance with their units, and calculate any one from the other two in 15 exercises.

Build and measure a simple series and parallel circuit, recording current and voltage at several points and comparing with calculation.

Calculate equivalent resistance for series, parallel and mixed networks and find branch currents and voltages in 12 circuits.

Compute electrical power and energy (P = UI, E = UIt) and estimate the cost of running 5 household appliances for a month in kWh.

Describe the magnetic field of a straight wire and a coil, state the right-hand rule, and explain how an electromagnet, relay and electric motor work.

Explain electrical safety: fuses, earthing, short circuits and why the human body is dangerous at mains voltage.

Apply the laws of reflection and refraction, calculate refractive index and critical angle, and trace 10 ray diagrams through plane mirrors and glass blocks.

Draw ray diagrams for converging and diverging lenses and calculate image position and magnification with the thin-lens equation for 10 cases.

Relate sound pitch, loudness and quality to frequency, amplitude and waveform, and calculate speed, wavelength and frequency with v = fλ.

Explain echoes, ultrasound, noise levels in decibels and 3 applications of sound and light in technology.

Describe atomic structure and isotopes, write nuclear decay equations for alpha and beta decay, and balance 10 of them by mass and charge number.

Distinguish alpha, beta and gamma radiation by penetration, ionising power and typical sources, and state half-life and use it in 8 decay calculations.

Explain background radiation, dose, and the principles of radiation protection (time, distance, shielding) with 3 realistic scenarios.

Connect physics to technology and environment: energy sources, efficiency of devices, recycling of batteries and light bulbs, and the greenhouse effect.

Rehearse measurement skills: choose instruments, read scales to the right precision, estimate uncertainty and identify systematic versus random error in 10 short scenarios.

Interpret tables and graphs from experimental data, draw a line of best fit and describe the relationship in words.

Complete two full timed mock exams and mark them against a checklist of formula, unit and reasoning errors.

Revisit and re-solve every question you missed across weeks 1–7, confirming each weak topic now yields a correct answer unaided.