Egyptian Board Nephrology - independent subject foundations flashcards
Egyptian Board Nephrology - independent subject foundations · Build recall with a focused review session.
20 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Nephrin
- A slit-diaphragm adhesion protein whose disruption can impair the glomerular filtration barrier and cause inherited protein loss.
- Podocyte
- A specialized epithelial cell that supports filtration through foot processes and the intervening slit-diaphragm architecture.
- Tubuloglomerular feedback
- A signaling mechanism linking distal sodium chloride delivery to changes in glomerular vascular tone and filtration.
- Aquaporin
- A membrane water channel whose regulated collecting-duct availability helps determine water reabsorption and urine concentration.
- Fractional excretion
- The fraction of a filtered substance ultimately excreted, interpreted cautiously alongside medications and the clinical setting.
- Anion gap
- A calculated difference between measured plasma cations and anions that helps classify selected metabolic acid-base disorders.
- Urine osmolal gap
- The difference between measured and calculated urine osmolality, potentially informative about unmeasured urinary solutes and ammonium.
- Tonicity
- The effective osmotic influence of extracellular solutes on water distribution across cell membranes and cell volume.
- Compensation
- A physiological response to an acid-base disturbance that should be compared with an expected range rather than assumed complete.
- Renal tubular acidosis
- A disorder of renal acid or bicarbonate handling that can produce metabolic acidosis despite varied filtration impairment.
- Proteinuria
- Increased urinary protein excretion whose composition, magnitude and associated sediment help identify the underlying renal process.
- Pauci-immune pattern
- A biopsy immunofluorescence pattern showing little immune deposition despite substantial inflammatory injury in the relevant tissue.
- Immune complex
- An antigen-antibody aggregate that may contribute to glomerular injury through deposition and inflammatory complement activation.
- Crescent
- An extracapillary proliferative lesion that requires interpretation with its extent, age and the broader renal biopsy pattern.
- Albuminuria category
- A classification of urinary albumin loss that adds prognostic information distinct from the estimated filtration category.
- Acute kidney injury
- An acute deterioration in kidney function assessed using the time course of creatinine and urine-output changes.
- Ultrafiltration
- Movement of fluid across a membrane under a pressure gradient, used therapeutically but potentially limited by hemodynamic tolerance.
- Convection
- Solute transport accompanying fluid movement through a membrane, an important mechanism in hemofiltration-based kidney replacement therapy.
- Donor-specific antibody
- An antibody directed against donor antigens whose clinical interpretation depends on context, biopsy findings and transplant history.
- Calcineurin inhibitor
- An immunosuppressive medication class requiring attention to concentration, interactions, adverse effects and individual transplant treatment goals.