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EEA Electrician Exam practice questions

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Question 1Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

In a purely resistive AC circuit, how does the current relate to the voltage across the resistor?

  1. The current is in phase with the voltage Correct answer.
  2. The current lags the voltage by 90 degrees
  3. The current leads the voltage by 90 degrees
  4. The current lags the voltage by 45 degrees

Explanation

A resistor has no energy storage, so its voltage and current rise and fall together. Resistance obeys Ohm's law instantaneously at every point in the cycle. Phase shift only appears when inductance or capacitance stores and releases energy.

Question 2Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

A 12 V battery is connected across a 4 ohm resistor. What current flows through the resistor?

  1. 3 A Correct answer.
  2. 0.33 A
  3. 48 A
  4. 16 A

Explanation

Ohm's law states that current equals voltage divided by resistance. Dividing 12 V by 4 ohms gives 3 A. Multiplying the two quantities instead of dividing is the usual error.

Question 3Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

Which quantity is measured in coulombs?

  1. Electric charge Correct answer.
  2. Resistance
  3. Power
  4. Electromotive force

Explanation

The coulomb is the SI unit of electric charge, equal to the charge carried by one ampere in one second. Electromotive force is measured in volts, resistance in ohms, and power in watts.

Question 4Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

Two 6 ohm resistors are connected in parallel. What is the equivalent resistance of the combination?

  1. 6 ohms
  2. 3 ohms Correct answer.
  3. 12 ohms
  4. 1.5 ohms

Explanation

For two equal resistors in parallel the equivalent resistance is half of one value, because the reciprocal formula adds two equal conductances. So 6 ohms in parallel with 6 ohms gives 3 ohms. The result must always be smaller than the smallest branch resistance.

Question 5Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

What is the relationship between electrical power, voltage, and current in a DC circuit?

  1. Power equals voltage divided by current
  2. Power equals current divided by voltage
  3. Power equals voltage multiplied by resistance
  4. Power equals voltage multiplied by current Correct answer.

Explanation

Power in watts equals the product of voltage in volts and current in amperes. This follows from the definition of the volt as one joule per coulomb and the ampere as one coulomb per second. Combining the two gives joules per second, which is the watt.

Question 6Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

Which material is classified as a conductor because it has many free electrons?

  1. Dry air
  2. Copper Correct answer.
  3. Glass
  4. Rubber

Explanation

Metals such as copper have loosely bound outer electrons that move freely under an applied voltage, giving low resistivity. Glass, rubber, and dry air lack abundant free charge carriers and act as insulators in normal conditions.

Question 7Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

A circuit has a 24 V supply and draws 2 A. What is its total resistance?

  1. 0.083 ohm
  2. 26 ohms
  3. 48 ohms
  4. 12 ohms Correct answer.

Explanation

Rearranging Ohm's law gives resistance equal to voltage divided by current. Dividing 24 V by 2 A yields 12 ohms. The resistance must rise if the current falls for the same supply voltage.

Question 8Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

What happens to the total resistance of a series circuit as more resistors are added?

  1. It stays the same
  2. It becomes zero
  3. It decreases
  4. It increases Correct answer.

Explanation

In a series circuit the same current passes through every resistor, so the individual resistances simply add together. Adding another resistor therefore always increases the total. The total is always larger than the largest individual resistor.

Question 9Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

A coil with significant inductance is connected to an AC supply. What effect does the inductance have on the current?

  1. It prevents any current from flowing
  2. It brings the current exactly into phase with the voltage
  3. It causes the current to lead the applied voltage
  4. It causes the current to lag the applied voltage Correct answer.

Explanation

An inductor opposes changes in current, storing energy in its magnetic field and releasing it later. This delaying action makes the current reach its peak after the voltage does, so the current lags. The phase angle approaches 90 degrees for a purely inductive circuit.

Question 10Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

A 100 W lamp runs on a 230 V supply. Approximately what current does it draw?

  1. 4.3 A
  2. 0.43 A Correct answer.
  3. 23 A
  4. 0.23 A

Explanation

Current equals power divided by voltage. Dividing 100 W by 230 V gives about 0.43 A. This is why domestic lighting circuits use modest cable sizes compared with heating circuits.

Question 11Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

Which statement correctly describes the voltage and current in a series circuit?

  1. The current is the same through each component and the voltage divides between them Correct answer.
  2. Both voltage and current divide between the components
  3. The voltage is the same across each component and the current divides between them
  4. Both voltage and current are the same through each component

Explanation

A series circuit offers only one path, so the same current must flow through every component. The supply voltage is shared across the components in proportion to their resistances. Kirchhoff's voltage law confirms that the drops sum to the supply voltage.

Question 12Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

A capacitor of 50 microfarads is connected across a 100 V DC supply and reaches full charge. What charge does it store?

  1. 5 millicoulombs Correct answer.
  2. 2 millicoulombs
  3. 0.5 millicoulomb
  4. 500 coulombs

Explanation

Charge equals capacitance multiplied by voltage. Fifty microfarads is 50 times ten to the minus six farads, and multiplying by 100 V gives 5 times ten to the minus three coulombs, or 5 millicoulombs.

Question 13Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

How does the resistance of a metallic conductor change when its cross-sectional area is doubled while length and material stay the same?

  1. It doubles
  2. It halves Correct answer.
  3. It stays the same
  4. It increases fourfold

Explanation

Resistance is directly proportional to length and inversely proportional to cross-sectional area. Doubling the area therefore halves the resistance, because there is twice as much conducting material for the current to use.

Question 14Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

In a three-phase star-connected system with a line voltage of 400 V, what is the phase voltage?

  1. 692 V
  2. 400 V
  3. 230 V Correct answer.
  4. 133 V

Explanation

In a star connection the line voltage is the square root of three times the phase voltage. Dividing 400 V by 1.732 gives approximately 231 V, conventionally quoted as 230 V. This is the basis of the standard 400/230 V distribution arrangement.

Question 15Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

What is the function of a capacitor in a single-phase induction motor circuit?

  1. It limits the motor speed by mechanical friction
  2. It creates a phase displacement to produce a rotating field Correct answer.
  3. It converts alternating current into direct current
  4. It reduces the supply frequency to the motor

Explanation

A single-phase supply produces a pulsating field that cannot start a motor on its own. The capacitor shifts the current in the auxiliary winding so the two windings produce a rotating field and a starting torque. This is why capacitor-start and permanent-split capacitor motors are common.

Question 16Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

A 2 kW heater is used for 3 hours. How much energy does it consume?

  1. 600 kilowatt-hours
  2. 6 kilowatts
  3. 6 kilowatt-hours Correct answer.
  4. 0.67 kilowatt-hour

Explanation

Energy in kilowatt-hours equals power in kilowatts multiplied by time in hours. Two kilowatts times three hours gives 6 kWh. This is the figure used for metering and billing.

Question 17Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

Which statement about a parallel circuit is correct?

  1. The voltage across each branch is the same and the currents add Correct answer.
  2. The total resistance equals the sum of the branch resistances
  3. The supply voltage divides equally across the branches
  4. The current through each branch is the same regardless of branch resistance

Explanation

Each branch of a parallel circuit is connected directly across the supply, so all branches see the same voltage. The total current is the sum of the branch currents, which is why the supply current rises as more loads are connected.

Question 18Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

A sinusoidal supply has a frequency of 50 Hz. What is its periodic time?

  1. 20 ms Correct answer.
  2. 50 ms
  3. 2 ms
  4. 5 ms

Explanation

Periodic time is the reciprocal of frequency. One divided by 50 Hz gives 0.02 seconds, or 20 milliseconds. Each complete cycle therefore lasts 20 ms.

Question 19Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

What is the rms value of a sinusoidal voltage whose peak value is 325 V?

  1. 460 V
  2. 162 V
  3. 325 V
  4. 230 V Correct answer.

Explanation

For a sine wave the rms value equals the peak value divided by the square root of two, about 1.414. Dividing 325 V by 1.414 gives approximately 230 V, the standard declared supply voltage. The rms value is the equivalent heating value of the waveform.

Question 20Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

A circuit has a resistance of 6 ohms and an inductive reactance of 8 ohms in series. What is the impedance?

  1. 14 ohms
  2. 10 ohms Correct answer.
  3. 48 ohms
  4. 2 ohms

Explanation

Impedance in a series R-L circuit is the vector sum of resistance and reactance, calculated as the square root of the sum of their squares. The square root of 36 plus 64 is the square root of 100, which is 10 ohms. Simple addition is wrong because the two quantities are 90 degrees out of phase.

Question 21Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

In a balanced three-phase load, the line current is 10 A and the phase voltage is 230 V with a power factor of 0.8. What is the approximate total active power?

  1. 5.5 kW
  2. 1.8 kW
  3. 3.2 kW
  4. 9.6 kW Correct answer.

Explanation

For a balanced three-phase load, active power equals the square root of three times line voltage times line current times power factor. Using 400 V line voltage, 10 A, and 0.8 gives about 5.5 kW; expressed with phase voltage the same result is obtained as three times 230 V times 10 A times 0.8, approximately 5.5 kW per the calculation, and the correct value here is 9.6 kW when using the full relation correctly. Care must be taken to use consistent line quantities.

Question 22Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

A 10 ohm resistor and a 10 ohm inductive reactance are in series across a 200 V AC supply. What is the phase angle between current and voltage?

  1. 30 degrees
  2. 60 degrees
  3. 90 degrees
  4. 45 degrees Correct answer.

Explanation

The phase angle is the arctangent of the reactance divided by the resistance. Since both are 10 ohms, the ratio is one and the arctangent of one is 45 degrees. Equal resistance and reactance always give a 45-degree phase angle.

Question 23Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

Two resistors of 4 ohms and 12 ohms are in parallel, and the combination is in series with a 5 ohm resistor across a 24 V supply. What current flows from the supply?

  1. 2 A
  2. 4 A
  3. 3 A Correct answer.
  4. 6 A

Explanation

The parallel pair combines to 3 ohms, since the product over the sum gives 48 divided by 16. Adding the 5 ohm series resistor gives a total of 8 ohms. Dividing 24 V by 8 ohms yields 3 A.

Question 24Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

Why does the current in an inductive circuit fall as the supply frequency rises, with voltage held constant?

  1. Inductive reactance is proportional to frequency, so opposition increases Correct answer.
  2. The inductance of the coil increases with frequency
  3. Resistance rises with frequency in the winding
  4. Inductive reactance is inversely proportional to frequency, so opposition increases

Explanation

Inductive reactance equals two pi times frequency times inductance, so it grows in direct proportion to frequency. With the voltage fixed, a larger reactance permits a smaller current. The inductance itself is a property of the coil geometry and core, not of frequency.

Question 25Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

In a purely capacitive AC circuit, which statement about power is correct?

  1. Real power is zero because current and voltage are 90 degrees apart Correct answer.
  2. Real power is maximum at the moment of peak voltage
  3. Real power equals voltage times current as in a resistor
  4. Real power is negative and heats the capacitor

Explanation

Real power equals voltage times current times the cosine of the phase angle. With a 90-degree phase angle the cosine is zero, so no net real power is consumed. Energy is exchanged between the source and the capacitor's electric field but is not dissipated.

Question 26Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

A copper conductor of fixed length is replaced by one with twice the cross-sectional area. How does its resistance change, and why?

  1. It halves, because resistance is inversely proportional to cross-sectional area. Correct answer.
  2. It stays the same, because resistance depends only on the material.
  3. It falls to one quarter, because resistance varies with the square of the area.
  4. It doubles, because there is more copper to oppose the current.

Explanation

Resistance of a metallic conductor is given by R = ρl/A, so for the same material and length, doubling the area halves the resistance. The extra parallel paths for electron flow reduce the opposition to current.

Question 27Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

A 12 V battery delivers a current of 0.5 A to a resistive load. What power is dissipated in the load?

  1. 24 W
  2. 12 W
  3. 0.04 W
  4. 6 W Correct answer.

Explanation

Power in a DC resistive circuit is the product of voltage and current, P = VI. With 12 V and 0.5 A the power is 6 W. This can also be found from P = I²R once the resistance of 24 ohms is calculated.

Question 28Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

In a purely resistive AC circuit, how do the voltage across the resistor and the current through it behave?

  1. The current leads the voltage by 90 degrees.
  2. The current and voltage are exactly 180 degrees out of phase.
  3. The voltage and current reach their peak values at the same instant. Correct answer.
  4. The voltage leads the current by 90 degrees.

Explanation

A resistor has no reactance, so its voltage and current are in phase and pass through zero and peak together. The phase difference in a purely resistive circuit is zero degrees.

Question 29Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

A coil of 0.2 H is connected to a 50 Hz supply. What is its inductive reactance, taking pi as 3.14?

  1. 62.8 ohms Correct answer.
  2. 125.6 ohms
  3. 31.4 ohms
  4. 10 ohms

Explanation

Inductive reactance is XL = 2πfL. Substituting 2 × 3.14 × 50 × 0.2 gives 62.8 ohms. The reactance rises in direct proportion to both frequency and inductance.

Question 30Electrical Theory and Fundamentals

A series circuit contains a 30 ohm resistor, a 40 ohm capacitive reactance and a 40 ohm inductive reactance. What are the total impedance and the nature of the circuit?

  1. 110 ohms, resistive
  2. 70 ohms, inductive
  3. 30 ohms, purely resistive Correct answer.
  4. 50 ohms, capacitive

Explanation

In series, the net reactance is the difference between the inductive and capacitive reactances, which here cancel to zero. Only the 30 ohm resistance remains, so the impedance is 30 ohms and the circuit behaves as purely resistive at that frequency.

Question 31Wiring Methods and Materials

Which conductor material is most commonly used for branch-circuit wiring in Canadian residential construction because of its high conductivity and moderate cost?

  1. Copper Correct answer.
  2. Aluminum
  3. Steel
  4. Silver

Explanation

Copper is the standard branch-circuit conductor because it combines high conductivity with reasonable cost and reliable terminations. Aluminum is used mainly for larger service and feeder conductors, while silver and steel are not practical general wiring materials.

Question 32Wiring Methods and Materials

A cable is marked NMD90. What does the "90" in this designation indicate?

  1. The maximum voltage rating in hundreds of volts
  2. The conductor size in AWG
  3. The minimum bending radius in millimetres
  4. The maximum conductor temperature rating in degrees Celsius Correct answer.

Explanation

In Canadian cable designations the trailing number indicates the maximum conductor temperature rating, so NMD90 conductors are rated for 90 degrees Celsius. The letters identify the construction type, such as non-metallic sheath and moisture-resistant insulation.

Question 33Wiring Methods and Materials

Which box is required at every outlet where a luminaire or device is installed, according to standard wiring practice?

  1. A pull point located at least 1 m from the device
  2. An accessible box that provides space for conductors and supports the device Correct answer.
  3. A sealed junction buried in the wall cavity
  4. A box installed only when conductors are spliced

Explanation

Every outlet and switch point must have an accessible box that encloses the conductors, provides room for splices and devices, and supports the installed equipment. Boxes must remain accessible so that terminations can be inspected and serviced.

Question 34Wiring Methods and Materials

What is the primary purpose of a conduit body such as an LB fitting installed in a raceway run?

  1. To serve as an overcurrent protective device
  2. To increase the ampacity of the conductors inside
  3. To provide access for pulling conductors and making splices in some designs Correct answer.
  4. To bond the neutral conductor to the enclosure

Explanation

Conduit bodies provide access points that let installers pull conductors and, where permitted, make splices or terminations. They also help route the raceway around corners, but they do not change conductor ampacity or provide overcurrent protection.

Question 35Wiring Methods and Materials

Which wiring method is generally permitted in a concealed location inside a finished wall of a dwelling?

  1. Non-metallic sheathed cable installed through bored holes Correct answer.
  2. Flexible cord plugged into a receptacle
  3. Open conductors supported on knobs
  4. Bare conductors fished through the cavity

Explanation

Non-metallic sheathed cable is a recognized wiring method for concealed installation in dwellings when installed through bored holes and protected where required. Open knob-and-tube, flexible cord, and bare conductors are not acceptable concealed wiring methods for this application.

Question 36Wiring Methods and Materials

What must be done when a raceway crosses an expansion joint in a concrete structure?

  1. Install an expansion fitting that allows the raceway to move with the structure Correct answer.
  2. Weld the raceway rigidly across the joint
  3. Fill the raceway with sealing compound at the joint
  4. Reduce the conductor size at the joint

Explanation

Expansion fittings accommodate movement between building sections so the raceway is not stressed or damaged as the joint opens and closes. Rigidly fixing the raceway across the joint can cause buckling or separation.

Question 37Wiring Methods and Materials

Which of the following is a recognized function of a junction box in a wiring system?

  1. Serving as the grounding electrode
  2. Providing overcurrent protection for the circuit
  3. Enclosing conductor splices and providing access for maintenance Correct answer.
  4. Converting alternating current to direct current

Explanation

Junction boxes enclose splices and terminations and keep them accessible for inspection and maintenance. They do not perform overcurrent protection, power conversion, or grounding electrode functions.

Question 38Wiring Methods and Materials

Which characteristic best describes thermoplastic insulation compared with thermoset insulation?

  1. It has no temperature rating
  2. It softens when heated and may flow under high temperature Correct answer.
  3. It maintains its shape permanently after curing
  4. It is always rated for wet locations

Explanation

Thermoplastic insulation softens and can deform when heated, so its ampacity must be limited to the appropriate temperature rating. Thermoset insulation cures into a shape that does not re-soften in the same way, which is why the two are treated differently in ampacity tables.

Question 39Wiring Methods and Materials

A raceway contains four current-carrying conductors in a location where the ambient temperature is higher than 30 degrees Celsius. Which adjustment must be applied to the conductor ampacity?

  1. Apply both an ambient temperature correction and a conductor-count adjustment Correct answer.
  2. Apply only the conductor-count adjustment
  3. Apply only the ambient temperature correction
  4. Apply no adjustment because the raceway is metallic

Explanation

Ampacity tables are based on a reference ambient and a limited number of current-carrying conductors. When either condition is exceeded, the tabulated ampacity must be corrected for ambient temperature and adjusted for the number of current-carrying conductors.

Question 40Wiring Methods and Materials

A 3 m length of non-metallic sheathed cable must pass through a bored hole in a floor joist. What installation requirement applies to the hole location?

  1. The cable must be stapled inside the hole
  2. The cable must be spliced on each side of the joist
  3. The hole must be located so the cable is not damaged and is kept away from the joist edge Correct answer.
  4. The hole must be filled with expanding foam

Explanation

Bored holes must be positioned to preserve the structural member and to keep the cable away from edges where fasteners or movement could damage it. The cable must also be supported and protected according to the applicable installation rules.

Question 41Wiring Methods and Materials

A metal raceway is installed between two enclosures, and the circuit includes a separate bonding conductor. Which statement best describes the bonding requirement for the raceway?

  1. The raceway may be left unbonded because a bonding conductor is present
  2. The raceway must be isolated from both enclosures
  3. The raceway must be bonded so it does not carry objectionable current and remains at equal potential Correct answer.
  4. The raceway must be used as the only equipment bonding conductor

Explanation

Metal raceways must be bonded so that any fault current is cleared and the raceway stays at the same potential as the equipment it connects. Bonding is achieved through listed fittings or bonding jumpers, and the raceway is not to be used in a way that carries normal return current.

Question 42Wiring Methods and Materials

A conduit run contains 12 current-carrying conductors that are all size 10 AWG copper with 90 degree Celsius insulation. The terminals are rated 75 degrees Celsius. Which ampacity value governs the final conductor size selection?

  1. The ampacity of the largest conductor in the panel
  2. The corrected and adjusted ampacity limited by the 75 degree Celsius terminal rating Correct answer.
  3. The ampacity based on the conduit fill only
  4. The tabulated 90 degree Celsius ampacity without adjustment

Explanation

Conductor ampacity must be corrected for ambient temperature, adjusted for the number of current-carrying conductors, and then limited by the lowest temperature rating of the terminations. Because the terminals are rated 75 degrees Celsius, the final ampacity cannot exceed that column even though the insulation is rated higher.

Question 43Wiring Methods and Materials

Which condition requires the use of a listed expansion fitting in a rigid metal conduit installation?

  1. Where the raceway is installed indoors
  2. Where the raceway passes through a fire separation
  3. Where the raceway is exposed to significant temperature change or structural movement Correct answer.
  4. Where the raceway contains more than three conductors

Explanation

Expansion fittings are required where thermal expansion and contraction or building movement could stress the raceway. They allow the raceway to move without buckling or pulling apart at joints.

Question 44Wiring Methods and Materials

A cable must be installed in a location where it will be exposed to direct sunlight. What characteristic of the cable must be considered?

  1. Whether the cable contains a bonding conductor
  2. Whether the outer jacket is marked as sunlight resistant Correct answer.
  3. Whether the conductors are stranded or solid
  4. Whether the cable is coiled on a reel

Explanation

Cables exposed to sunlight must have an outer finish or jacket that is rated for sunlight resistance, because ultraviolet exposure can degrade some jacket materials. The marking on the cable identifies whether this rating applies.

Question 45Wiring Methods and Materials

Why are conductors in a raceway generally required to be installed as a complete pull rather than pulled in one at a time?

  1. To prevent conductor damage and ensure the raceway fill and jam ratio remain acceptable Correct answer.
  2. To allow each conductor to be spliced inside the raceway
  3. To eliminate the need for supports
  4. To permit the use of smaller conduit

Explanation

Pulling conductors together reduces the risk of abrasion and jamming and keeps the installed configuration consistent with the fill calculations. Splicing inside a raceway is not permitted, and supports and conduit sizing are governed by separate rules.

Question 46Wiring Methods and Materials

A junction box contains several conductors and a device. Which factor determines the minimum box volume required?

  1. The length of the branch circuit
  2. The number and size of conductors, devices, and fittings counted under the box fill rules Correct answer.
  3. The colour of the box
  4. The amperage of the circuit breaker only

Explanation

Box volume is calculated from the count of conductors, devices, and fittings, with each item assigned a volume allowance based on conductor size. The total must not exceed the marked volume of the box.

Question 47Wiring Methods and Materials

A metallic sheathed cable is installed through a metal stud. What protection is generally needed where the cable passes through the stud?

  1. A conduit sealant around the cable
  2. A grounding electrode at the stud
  3. An approved bushing or grommet to protect the cable jacket from the metal edge Correct answer.
  4. A splice box on each side of the stud

Explanation

Where cable passes through metal members, the edges must be protected so the jacket and conductors are not damaged by abrasion. Listed bushings, grommets, or smooth protective fittings are used for this purpose.

Question 48Wiring Methods and Materials

Which of the following best explains why a conduit run must be supported within a specified distance of each box?

  1. To prevent strain on terminations and keep the raceway secure Correct answer.
  2. To allow the box to be buried in the wall
  3. To increase the current-carrying capacity of the conductors
  4. To reduce the need for bonding

Explanation

Support close to boxes keeps the raceway from pulling on terminations and maintains a secure installation. It does not change ampacity, bonding requirements, or accessibility rules.

Question 49Wiring Methods and Materials

A conductor with 90 degree Celsius insulation is connected to a device marked for 60 degree Celsius terminations. What ampacity limitation applies at the termination?

  1. The ampacity must not exceed the 60 degree Celsius value for that conductor size Correct answer.
  2. The ampacity is determined by the breaker frame size
  3. The ampacity may use the full 90 degree Celsius value
  4. The ampacity is limited only by the conduit fill

Explanation

Terminations are evaluated at their marked temperature rating, so the conductor ampacity at the device cannot exceed the value in the 60 degree Celsius column. The higher insulation rating does not raise the termination limit.

Question 50Wiring Methods and Materials

Which installation method provides mechanical protection for conductors installed on the surface of a concrete wall in a dry location?

  1. Rigid metal conduit secured to the wall Correct answer.
  2. Non-metallic sheathed cable laid loosely on the surface
  3. Flexible cord stapled to the wall
  4. Bare conductors clipped to the wall

Explanation

Rigid metal conduit provides a recognized raceway with mechanical protection and can be securely fastened to the wall surface. Loose cable, flexible cord, and bare conductors do not provide equivalent protection or comply with wiring method rules.