FAA FII flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Levels of learning

Rote, understanding, application, correlation. Correlation is the highest level and indicates the learner can associate new knowledge with prior experience and apply it in new situations.

Laws of learning

Readiness, exercise, effect, primacy, recency, intensity, and disuse. Recency and intensity most strongly affect retention of instrument procedures and emergency drills.

Demonstration-performance method

Five steps: explanation, demonstration, student performance, instructor supervision, and evaluation. Standard for teaching flight maneuvers and instrument scan techniques.

Maslow hierarchy

Physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, self-actualization. Learners blocked at lower levels are not ready to learn; address physiological or safety needs before instruction.

Defense mechanisms

Rationalization, denial, reaction formation, flight, aggression, resignation. Instructors must recognize these behaviors and address them directly rather than ignore them.

Characteristics of a good test

Objectivity, validity, reliability, usability, and comprehensiveness. A valid test measures what it claims to measure; a reliable test produces consistent results.

Effective critique

Objective, specific, timely, and balanced. It addresses both strengths and weaknesses and avoids personal bias or vague generalities.

CFII endorsement authority

A CFII may endorse an applicant for the instrument rating knowledge and practical tests only when all training, experience, and knowledge requirements of 14 CFR 61.65 are met.

AC 61-65 endorsements

Advisory circular providing required endorsement language. Endorsements must cite the correct paragraph and be signed with certificate number and expiration date.

CFI certificate renewal

Renew via practical test, endorsement of five applicants with 80% first-attempt pass rate, or an approved FIRC. Privileges lapse after 24 calendar months without renewal.

CFII 15-hour requirement

A CFII must have logged at least 15 hours as pilot in command in the category and class of aircraft for the instrument rating endorsement.

Instructor recordkeeping

Sign logbooks for each student and retain training records for at least 3 years. Document ground and flight instruction given and endorsements issued.

IFR cruising altitudes

14 CFR 91.121: odd thousands MSL for magnetic courses 0-179, even thousands for 180-359, above 3,000 feet MSL.

CRAFT clearance items

Clearance limit, Route, Altitude, Frequency, Transponder. Read back all altitude and hold instructions verbatim to ATC.

Cleared for the approach

Authorizes the approach but requires the pilot to remain at the last assigned altitude until established on a published segment of the approach.

Holding pattern entries

Direct, parallel, and teardrop. Standard pattern is right turns with 1-minute inbound legs below 14,000 feet MSL.

Lost communications

Squawk 7600, maintain last assigned route and altitude, and follow the highest of last clearance, minimum IFR altitude, or expected further clearance.

Expect further clearance

EFC time governs when to leave a hold. If not received by EFC, begin the approach or proceed per lost-communication rules.

Standard alternate minimums

600 feet ceiling and 2 SM visibility for a precision approach; 800 feet and 2 SM for a non-precision approach.

1-2-3 rule

Within 1 hour before to 1 hour after ETA, ceilings 1,000-3,000 feet and visibility 3-5 SM qualify as marginal VFR, not acceptable for IFR alternate use.

IFR fuel planning

Fuel to destination, then to alternate, plus 45 minutes at normal cruise. Account for winds aloft and possible ATC reroutes.

VOR accuracy check

±1° on the ground, ±2° in flight. VOR receivers must be checked every 30 days for IFR flight.

RAIM availability

GPS RAIM must be available for the entire approach. If RAIM predicts outage, use an alternate approach or a non-GPS method.

IFR flight plan filing

Use the correct equipment suffix (e.g., /G for GPS with WAAS) and include alternate, ETA, and fuel endurance.

IFR required equipment

14 CFR 91.205: generator/alternator, voltmeter, rate-of-turn, slip-skid, sensitive altimeter, clock, attitude indicator, heading indicator, and radio/navigation equipment.

Pitot-static system

Airspeed indicator, altimeter, and vertical speed indicator. Pitot heat and static port must be checked preflight, especially in icing conditions.

Gyroscopic instruments

Attitude and heading indicators are vacuum or electrically driven; turn coordinator is electrically driven and provides rate of turn.

Primary instruments

Attitude indicator is primary for pitch and bank; heading indicator is primary for bank in a constant-altitude turn.

Approach categories

Category A below 91 knots, B 91-120, C 121-140, D 141-165, E above 165 knots Vref at maximum landing weight.

DA versus MDA

DA(H) applies to precision approaches (ILS, LPV); MDA(H) applies to non-precision approaches (VOR, LOC, LNAV). Do not descend below MDA without visual reference.

Missed approach procedure

Climb to published altitude, follow published route, and do not turn before the MAP unless published. Report 'missed approach' to ATC.

Stabilized approach criteria

Be configured and on speed by 1,000 feet AGL in IMC. Execute a go-around if not stabilized by that point.