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FAA FII practice questions

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Question 1Fundamentals of Instructing

An instructor wants to help a student pilot retain a new emergency procedure for the long term. According to principles of learning, which instructional practice best promotes retention and transfer of that procedure?

  1. Present the procedure once and require verbatim memorization before the next lesson
  2. Have the student read the procedure aloud repeatedly in a single session until perfect
  3. Explain the underlying system logic, then have the student apply it in varied scenarios with spaced practice Correct answer.
  4. Delay any explanation until after the checkride to avoid confusing the student

Explanation

Meaningful learning that connects new material to existing knowledge, combined with spaced and varied practice, produces stronger retention and transfer than massed repetition or rote memorization. Understanding the system logic lets the student reconstruct the procedure when conditions differ from the practiced case.

Question 2Fundamentals of Instructing

A certificated flight instructor is preparing a lesson. Which statement correctly describes the relationship between a goal and a learning objective?

  1. A goal states the overall purpose of the training, while an objective describes specific, measurable student performance Correct answer.
  2. A goal and an objective are interchangeable terms in aviation training
  3. A goal is measurable student behavior, while an objective is the broad purpose of the course
  4. A goal describes required resources, while an objective describes the instructor's qualifications

Explanation

A goal is a broad statement of intended outcome or purpose, whereas a learning objective is a precise statement of observable, measurable behavior the student should demonstrate, usually including conditions and standards. Objectives make it possible to evaluate whether the goal has been met.

Question 3Fundamentals of Instructing

During a briefing, an instructor notices a student's attention drifting. Which technique is most consistent with accepted guidance for capturing and holding attention in a training environment?

  1. Read directly from the textbook to ensure complete coverage
  2. Use a striking, relevant opening and vary the presentation with questions and real examples Correct answer.
  3. Increase the pace of speech and continue without pausing
  4. Avoid asking questions so the student is not embarrassed

Explanation

Attention is captured by an interesting, relevant introduction and held by variety, student involvement, and meaningful examples. Varying the presentation and engaging the student directly counteracts boredom and complacency.

Question 4Fundamentals of Instructing

An instructor is teaching a maneuver that requires the student to coordinate several control inputs simultaneously. Which approach best reflects the principle of readiness?

  1. Require the student to master the maneuver before any explanation is given
  2. Postpone the maneuver until the student requests it
  3. Confirm the student has the prerequisite skills and motivation before introducing the maneuver Correct answer.
  4. Introduce the maneuver on the first lesson regardless of the student's progress

Explanation

Readiness means the student is physically, mentally, and emotionally prepared to learn a task, including possessing the necessary background knowledge and motivation. Introducing complex coordination before prerequisites are met invites frustration and poor learning.

Question 5Fundamentals of Instructing

Which statement best describes the concept of transfer of learning in flight instruction?

  1. The student's performance improves only through repeated testing
  2. The student applies knowledge or skills learned in one context to a new but related situation Correct answer.
  3. The student forgets previously learned material when new material is introduced
  4. The student learns fastest when material is presented in a single modality

Explanation

Transfer of learning occurs when prior learning influences performance in a new situation, either positively (facilitating) or negatively (interfering). Instructors promote positive transfer by pointing out similarities and building on familiar material.

Question 6Fundamentals of Instructing

A student consistently performs a maneuver correctly when the instructor provides verbal prompts but struggles when flying solo. Which instructional concept does this most directly illustrate?

  1. The student is demonstrating positive transfer from previous training
  2. The student has achieved overlearning of the maneuver
  3. The student has reached the application level of the psychomotor domain
  4. The student's performance is dependent on instructor cues rather than independent retention Correct answer.

Explanation

Performance that collapses without instructor prompting indicates the skill has not been internalized; the student is relying on external cues rather than independent recall. The instructor should fade prompts gradually to build true retention.

Question 7Fundamentals of Instructing

Which action by the instructor best demonstrates the principle of primacy in learning?

  1. Introducing correct procedures and habits from the very first lesson Correct answer.
  2. Testing the student before any instruction occurs
  3. Reviewing material only at the end of the course
  4. Allowing errors to persist so the student can discover them later

Explanation

Primacy holds that what is learned first creates the strongest impression and is hardest to unlearn. Instructors should therefore establish correct procedures and habits early rather than allowing incorrect ones to form.

Question 8Fundamentals of Instructing

An instructor ends each lesson with a summary of the key points and a brief review of the most important safety items. Which principle of learning does this practice primarily exploit?

  1. Recency Correct answer.
  2. Readiness
  3. Primacy
  4. Intensity

Explanation

Recency is the principle that things learned most recently are best remembered. Placing a summary of key points at the end of a lesson capitalizes on recency so the most important material is retained.

Question 9Fundamentals of Instructing

Which scenario best illustrates the principle of intensity in flight instruction?

  1. The instructor demonstrates a realistic, vivid stall recovery scenario that engages the student's senses and emotions Correct answer.
  2. The instructor postpones stall training until the end of the course
  3. The instructor assigns reading on stalls for homework
  4. The instructor lectures quietly about stall recovery in a classroom

Explanation

Intensity refers to learning that is vivid, dramatic, or exciting and thus more likely to be retained. A realistic, sensory-rich demonstration engages the student more deeply than abstract lecture alone.

Question 10Fundamentals of Instructing

Which statement accurately describes the law of exercise as applied to flight training?

  1. Skills are strengthened through repeated practice and weakened through disuse Correct answer.
  2. Skills are learned only through observation of the instructor
  3. Skills improve most when practice is concentrated in a single session
  4. Skills are retained indefinitely once demonstrated once

Explanation

The law of exercise states that connections are strengthened with repeated use and weakened when not used. This underlies the need for recurrent practice and review to maintain proficiency.

Question 11Fundamentals of Instructing

A student who is highly motivated and confident begins to show careless errors after several lessons. Which instructor response best reflects an understanding of the law of effect?

  1. Praise all performance equally regardless of accuracy
  2. Increase the difficulty sharply without feedback to test the student
  3. Provide prompt, specific feedback so correct performance is reinforced and errors are corrected Correct answer.
  4. Ignore the errors so the student's confidence is not damaged

Explanation

The law of effect holds that responses followed by satisfying consequences are strengthened, while those followed by unpleasant consequences are weakened. Prompt, specific feedback ties consequences to actual performance so correct behavior is reinforced.

Question 12Fundamentals of Instructing

An instructor is planning to teach a complex navigation topic. According to guidance on organizing material, which sequence best supports learning?

  1. Move from simple, familiar concepts to more complex, unfamiliar ones in a logical progression Correct answer.
  2. Begin with the most difficult concept to challenge the student
  3. Present unrelated facts in random order to build flexibility
  4. Present all material in a single block without transitions

Explanation

Effective organization moves from the known to the unknown and from simple to complex, building new material on established foundations. Logical sequencing and transitions help the student integrate new knowledge.

Question 13Fundamentals of Instructing

Which of the following best characterizes a properly written learning objective for a flight lesson?

  1. The student will appreciate the importance of stall awareness
  2. The student will understand stalls
  3. The student will demonstrate a power-off stall recovery to the standards in the applicable practical test standards, with the instructor observing Correct answer.
  4. The instructor will explain the aerodynamics of stalls

Explanation

A well-written objective describes observable, measurable student performance, including the conditions and standards of acceptable performance. Vague verbs such as understand or appreciate cannot be measured reliably.

Question 14Fundamentals of Instructing

Which statement correctly describes the difference between a lesson objective and a completion standard?

  1. They are identical and may be used interchangeably
  2. An objective defines how well a task must be performed, while the standard states the task
  3. An objective applies only to ground lessons, while a standard applies only to flight lessons
  4. An objective states what the student should be able to do, while the standard defines how well it must be done Correct answer.

Explanation

The objective identifies the desired behavior or task, and the completion standard specifies the criteria or tolerances for acceptable performance. Together they make evaluation of the lesson unambiguous.

Question 15Fundamentals of Instructing

An instructor uses a whiteboard, a model of an airfoil, and a short video within one lesson. Which principle does this practice best support?

  1. Appealing to multiple senses to reinforce learning Correct answer.
  2. Using a single method to avoid confusion
  3. Avoiding feedback until the end of the course
  4. Reducing student involvement to save time

Explanation

Instruction that appeals to more than one sense reinforces learning and accommodates different learning preferences. Variety in instructional aids helps students form stronger, more durable associations.

Question 16Fundamentals of Instructing

A student becomes frustrated after repeated difficulty with a crosswind landing. Which instructor action best reflects the principle of effect and appropriate reinforcement?

  1. Compare the student unfavorably with other students
  2. Point out specific improvements, isolate one correction at a time, and provide encouragement Correct answer.
  3. Repeat the entire maneuver without comment until it is perfect
  4. Tell the student the maneuver is too difficult and move on

Explanation

Reinforcement should recognize genuine progress and target one correction at a time so the student experiences success. Positive, specific feedback strengthens the desired behavior and sustains motivation.

Question 17Fundamentals of Instructing

Which statement best describes the instructor's role in developing a student's motivation?

  1. Motivation depends only on the student's natural aptitude
  2. Motivation is best built by withholding all praise
  3. The instructor can influence motivation by making goals clear, relevant, and attainable and by recognizing progress Correct answer.
  4. Motivation is fixed and cannot be influenced by the instructor

Explanation

Motivation can be influenced by clarifying goals, showing relevance, setting attainable challenges, and recognizing achievement. The instructor shapes both the student's drive to learn and the satisfaction derived from progress.

Question 18Fundamentals of Instructing

An instructor wants to reduce the likelihood that a student will forget a critical checklist flow. Which practice is most consistent with guidance on retention?

  1. Test the flow only on the final checkride
  2. Use meaningful associations, practice the flow regularly, and review it at spaced intervals Correct answer.
  3. Teach the flow once and never revisit it
  4. Require the student to memorize the flow without understanding it

Explanation

Retention is enhanced by meaningful associations that tie new material to existing knowledge and by spaced practice and review. Regular reinforcement prevents the decay described by the law of exercise.

Question 19Fundamentals of Instructing

Which of the following best describes the concept of overlearning in flight instruction?

  1. Practicing a skill beyond the point of initial mastery to make it more automatic and resistant to stress Correct answer.
  2. Learning more than one maneuver in a single lesson
  3. Learning a skill before the student is ready
  4. Repeating a lesson because the student failed it

Explanation

Overlearning is deliberate practice beyond initial mastery, which makes performance more automatic and resistant to deterioration under stress. It is a useful strategy for critical emergency procedures.

Question 20Fundamentals of Instructing

An instructor observes that a student can explain the steps of an emergency descent but hesitates and performs them slowly in the aircraft. Which level of learning is the student demonstrating on the ground and in the air, respectively?

  1. Understanding on the ground and performance in the air Correct answer.
  2. Application on the ground and correlation in the air
  3. Correlation on the ground and rote in the air
  4. Rote on the ground and understanding in the air

Explanation

Explaining steps demonstrates understanding of the material, while executing them slowly with some hesitation reflects early performance of the skill. The progression runs from rote to understanding to application and finally correlation.

Question 21Fundamentals of Instructing

Which statement about the characteristics of a good instructor is most consistent with accepted guidance?

  1. An instructor should avoid admitting uncertainty to preserve authority
  2. An instructor should rely solely on personal experience rather than current references
  3. An instructor should minimize preparation to appear naturally skilled
  4. An instructor should project enthusiasm, maintain professional knowledge, and demonstrate acceptable personal conduct Correct answer.

Explanation

Effective instructors combine subject knowledge and teaching skill with enthusiasm, professionalism, and acceptable personal conduct that models the standards expected of pilots. Honesty about uncertainty and use of current references are part of that professionalism.

Question 22Fundamentals of Instructing

An instructor is deciding how to evaluate a student's progress. Which practice best reflects sound assessment principles?

  1. Evaluate only the student's attitude and not performance
  2. Compare the student only with other students in the class
  3. Base the evaluation on a single observation at the end of training
  4. Use a combination of oral questioning, observed performance, and written evaluation against stated standards Correct answer.

Explanation

Sound evaluation uses multiple sources of evidence and compares performance against stated standards rather than against other students. This provides a more complete and fair picture of progress.

Question 23Fundamentals of Instructing

During a critique after a flight lesson, which approach is most consistent with accepted guidance on effective critiques?

  1. Begin with strengths, address specific areas for improvement, and end on a constructive note Correct answer.
  2. Delay the critique until several lessons later
  3. Begin with negative findings so the student takes the critique seriously
  4. Provide only general comments without specifics

Explanation

An effective critique is specific, balanced, and timely, typically opening with strengths, addressing areas needing improvement, and closing constructively. This preserves motivation while ensuring the student knows what to correct.

Question 24Fundamentals of Instructing

Which statement best describes the purpose of a pretest in a training course?

  1. To assign a final grade for the course
  2. To determine the student's prior knowledge and readiness so instruction can be adjusted Correct answer.
  3. To rank students against one another
  4. To replace all subsequent evaluations

Explanation

A pretest assesses entering knowledge and readiness, allowing the instructor to tailor instruction and identify gaps. It is diagnostic rather than summative.

Question 25Fundamentals of Instructing

An instructor notices that a student consistently overcontrols pitch during steep turns. Which instructional strategy is most appropriate?

  1. Move on to a different maneuver and hope the error resolves
  2. Increase the difficulty by adding another maneuver immediately
  3. Tell the student to relax without further explanation
  4. Demonstrate the correct technique, explain the control pressures involved, and have the student practice with specific corrective feedback Correct answer.

Explanation

Correcting a skill error requires demonstration, explanation of the correct technique, and guided practice with specific feedback. This connects understanding to performance and allows the student to refine control inputs.

Question 26Fundamentals of Instructing

In the teaching of flight maneuvers, which statement best describes the relationship between a defense mechanism and an instructor's response?

  1. Defense mechanisms indicate a lack of aptitude and should be documented so the student can be counseled out of the program.
  2. Defense mechanisms disappear on their own once the student has logged enough flight hours, so no instructor action is required.
  3. Defense mechanisms are normal reactions to frustration or anxiety and are best handled by reducing the student's stress and rebuilding confidence rather than by direct confrontation. Correct answer.
  4. Defense mechanisms should be confronted immediately in the presence of other students to prevent them from spreading through the class.

Explanation

Defense mechanisms such as rationalization, flight, or aggression are normal protective reactions that surface when a learner feels threatened or frustrated. Accepted guidance calls for the instructor to recognize the behavior, reduce the pressure that produced it, and rebuild the student's confidence through achievable tasks. Direct confrontation, especially in front of others, tends to strengthen the defense rather than remove it.

Question 27Fundamentals of Instructing

Which statement correctly describes how the instructor should use the student's own words during a postflight critique?

  1. The instructor should limit the critique to reading aloud the completed grading rubric with no discussion.
  2. The instructor should give the complete evaluation first so the student's self-assessment cannot contradict it.
  3. The instructor should avoid asking the student to self-assess because students cannot evaluate their own performance objectively.
  4. The instructor should ask the student to self-assess first, then guide the discussion toward a shared conclusion about performance. Correct answer.

Explanation

Effective critiques are two-way and begin by inviting the learner to evaluate the flight, which builds self-assessment skills and reveals gaps between the student's perception and the instructor's observation. The instructor then guides the discussion to a mutually understood conclusion. This shared process is more instructive than a one-way verdict delivered by the instructor alone.

Question 28Fundamentals of Instructing

An instructor is preparing a lesson on density altitude. Which organization of the material best follows accepted guidance for lesson planning?

  1. Begin with a definition and the practical effects on aircraft performance, then explain the underlying relationships, and finish with a summary. Correct answer.
  2. Begin with the mathematical derivation of density altitude, then move to the practical effects, and finish with a definition.
  3. Present all facts about density altitude in alphabetical order so the student can memorize them systematically.
  4. Begin with the most difficult performance calculations so the student is challenged, then introduce the definition last.

Explanation

Lesson material should be organized from the known to the unknown, from the simple to the complex, and from the practical to the theoretical. Starting with a definition and its practical effect on performance gives the learner a meaningful anchor before the underlying relationships are developed. Ending with a summary reinforces the main points.

Question 29Fundamentals of Instructing

Which statement best describes the instructor's responsibility for teaching decision-making through scenario-based training?

  1. The instructor should reserve decision-making training until after the checkride, when the student has full certification.
  2. The instructor should wait until the student makes a real error in flight, then use that error as the only teaching opportunity.
  3. The instructor should provide the correct decision for every scenario so the student learns the instructor's preferred answer.
  4. The instructor should present realistic in-flight scenarios and guide the student to evaluate options and consequences before the situation becomes critical. Correct answer.

Explanation

Scenario-based training develops aeronautical decision-making by placing the learner in realistic situations and prompting analysis of options, risks, and consequences while there is still time to think. The instructor's role is to guide that analysis rather than supply answers. This builds judgment that transfers to actual flight.

Question 30Fundamentals of Instructing

Which statement best describes the instructor's use of questioning to promote learning during ground instruction?

  1. Questions should be used only at the end of the course as a final examination technique.
  2. Questions should be directed only to the strongest student so the others hear a correct model answer.
  3. Questions should be rapid-fire and unpredictable so students stay anxious and attentive.
  4. Questions should be planned in advance, sequenced from lower- to higher-order thinking, and followed by adequate wait time. Correct answer.

Explanation

Planned questioning that moves from recall toward analysis and application stretches learners and reveals understanding. Allowing wait time after a question gives students the chance to think and respond, which is essential for higher-order questions. Random rapid-fire questioning raises anxiety without improving thought quality.

Question 31Fundamentals of Instructing

A student in a flight training course is learning a new emergency procedure. According to guidance on the levels of learning, which outcome indicates the student has reached the highest level?

  1. The student has read the procedure in the aircraft manual and signed the training record.
  2. The student can recite the memory items for the procedure from the checklist.
  3. The student can explain why each step of the procedure is performed.
  4. The student can apply the procedure correctly to a novel emergency scenario and adapt when conditions differ from the practice case. Correct answer.

Explanation

The levels of learning progress from rote through understanding, application, and correlation. Application and correlation are the higher levels, demonstrated when the learner can use the knowledge in a new situation and relate it to other knowledge. Reciting or explaining steps remains at the lower levels.

Question 32Fundamentals of Instructing

Which statement best describes how an instructor should account for a student's readiness to learn?

  1. Readiness should be judged solely by how eagerly the student asks to fly.
  2. Readiness is fixed at the start of training and does not change from lesson to lesson.
  3. Readiness is influenced by physical, emotional, and motivational factors, so the instructor should assess the student's condition before introducing new material. Correct answer.
  4. Readiness depends only on the student's total flight hours, so the instructor should follow the syllabus sequence regardless of the student's condition.

Explanation

Readiness to learn depends on the learner's physical condition, emotional state, and motivation at the time of instruction. An instructor who checks these factors can time new material for when the student is most receptive. Readiness varies from day to day and is not determined by hours alone.

Question 33Fundamentals of Instructing

An instructor is selecting instructional aids for a lesson on radio navigation. Which practice best reflects accepted guidance on the use of instructional aids?

  1. Select aids that support the specific objective, ensure they are working and legible, and remove them when they no longer contribute. Correct answer.
  2. Introduce the aids at the end of the lesson so they do not distract from the lecture.
  3. Use as many aids as possible simultaneously so the student is fully immersed in technology.
  4. Use only printed handouts because electronic aids are unreliable in flight training.

Explanation

Instructional aids should be chosen because they support the lesson objective, and they must be checked in advance for serviceability and legibility. Once an aid has served its purpose it should be removed so it does not compete for attention. Quantity is not the goal; relevance and reliability are.

Question 34Fundamentals of Instructing

Which statement best describes the instructor's obligation when a student's performance suggests a learning plateau?

  1. The instructor should lower the performance standard so the student can experience success and move on.
  2. The instructor should stop instruction entirely because a plateau indicates the student has reached maximum ability.
  3. The instructor should repeat the identical lesson without change until the student improves.
  4. The instructor should change the instructional approach, provide varied practice, and encourage the student while maintaining standards. Correct answer.

Explanation

A learning plateau is a normal pause in progress that often responds to a change in instructional technique, varied practice, rest, and encouragement. The instructor addresses the plateau without relaxing the standard the student must ultimately meet. Repeating an identical approach or abandoning instruction does not resolve the underlying cause.

Question 35Fundamentals of Instructing

Which statement accurately describes the purpose of guided discussion as a teaching method in flight instruction?

  1. It replaces the need for any lecture or demonstration in the training course.
  2. It is used to introduce entirely new material that students have never encountered.
  3. It is appropriate only for large classes and not for one-on-one flight instruction.
  4. It is used when students already have some background so the instructor can draw out and refine their understanding through planned questions. Correct answer.

Explanation

Guided discussion builds on knowledge students already possess, using planned questions to develop and refine understanding. It is not a method for presenting brand-new material, which requires explanation or demonstration first. The method works well in one-on-one settings and complements rather than replaces other techniques.

Question 36Fundamentals of Instructing

Which statement best describes the instructor's handling of a student who becomes angry after a poor performance in the traffic pattern?

  1. The instructor should acknowledge the frustration, allow the student to talk, and redirect attention to a specific, achievable improvement. Correct answer.
  2. The instructor should end the student's training because anger shows the student lacks the temperament to fly.
  3. The instructor should match the student's tone so the student understands how the behavior feels.
  4. The instructor should ignore the anger and continue the lesson without comment to avoid reinforcing it.

Explanation

Anger is a normal response to frustration, and the instructor's best approach is to recognize it, let the student express it, and then refocus on a concrete improvement the student can achieve. This reduces tension and restores productive learning. Ignoring the emotion, matching it, or terminating training overreacts to a temporary state.

Question 37Fundamentals of Instructing

Which statement best describes the role of the instructor's demonstration in the demonstration-performance method?

  1. The demonstration should be performed at normal speed only, with no explanation, so the student sees the real result.
  2. The demonstration should be performed only after the student has attempted the maneuver several times.
  3. The demonstration should be omitted so the student discovers the correct technique independently.
  4. The demonstration should be explained and performed at a pace the student can follow, with key points emphasized before the student practices. Correct answer.

Explanation

In the demonstration-performance method the instructor first explains what will be shown, then performs it at a pace the learner can follow while emphasizing key elements. Only after this preparation does the student practice under supervision. A demonstration rushed at normal speed or withheld entirely deprives the student of a clear model.

Question 38Fundamentals of Instructing

Which statement best describes how an instructor should use the principle of recency when concluding a flight lesson?

  1. The instructor should avoid summarizing because the student's notes are sufficient.
  2. The instructor should save the most difficult new material for the final minutes so it stays fresh.
  3. The instructor should end the lesson with the most recent maneuver practiced, without any summary.
  4. The instructor should finish with a summary of the key points and a preview of what comes next so the last thing the student hears is the most important. Correct answer.

Explanation

The principle of recency holds that the things learned most recently are remembered best, so the instructor should place the most important points at the end of the lesson. A closing summary and a preview of upcoming material uses that principle deliberately. Introducing difficult new material at the end or skipping the summary wastes the effect.

Question 39Fundamentals of Instructing

An instructor is deciding how to divide a lesson on weight and balance among explanation, demonstration, and student practice. Which approach best reflects accepted guidance?

  1. Spend most of the time on demonstration so the student sees a perfect example.
  2. Divide the time equally among all three activities regardless of the objective.
  3. Allocate most of the time to lecture so all the facts are covered thoroughly.
  4. Allocate most of the time to the student's hands-on practice while keeping explanation and demonstration concise and purposeful. Correct answer.

Explanation

Instructional time should be weighted toward student activity, since learning occurs through the student's own practice and application. Explanation and demonstration are kept concise and purposeful to prepare for that practice. Equal division or lecture-heavy planning ignores the value of student engagement.

Question 40Fundamentals of Instructing

Which statement best describes the difference between a student's motivation to learn and the instructor's responsibility in sustaining it?

  1. Motivation can be encouraged through realistic goals, recognition of progress, and success in achievable tasks, but the instructor cannot supply it for the student. Correct answer.
  2. Motivation is sustained best by frequent reminders that failure will end the student's training.
  3. Motivation depends only on the cost of training, so the instructor should avoid discussing progress.
  4. Motivation is entirely innate and cannot be influenced by anything the instructor does.

Explanation

Motivation is a student-owned quality, but the instructor can nurture it through attainable goals, recognition of genuine progress, and carefully sequenced success. The instructor cannot manufacture motivation that the student does not bring. Threats and cost-focused pressure tend to undermine rather than sustain it.

Question 41Flight Instructor Responsibilities and Regulations

Under the FAA's flight instructor recordkeeping rules, how long must a certificated flight instructor retain the endorsement records required by 14 CFR 61.189 for a student the instructor has endorsed?

  1. Until the student passes the practical test
  2. Indefinitely, for the life of the certificate
  3. For at least 12 calendar months
  4. For at least 3 years after the endorsement is signed Correct answer.

Explanation

Section 61.189(b) requires each certificated flight instructor to keep a record of the name, date, and type of each endorsement issued for at least 3 years. The record must be made available for inspection by the Administrator or authorized representatives on request.

Question 42Flight Instructor Responsibilities and Regulations

A flight instructor is acting as pilot in command of a flight with a passenger aboard and has not had a flight review in 30 months. What is the regulatory status of this flight?

  1. It is legal as long as the passenger is a certificated pilot
  2. It is legal if the flight is conducted under day VFR conditions
  3. It is not legal because the instructor is not current to act as PIC Correct answer.
  4. It is legal because the instructor holds a current instructor certificate

Explanation

A flight review within the preceding 24 calendar months is required to act as pilot in command of an aircraft in which more than one pilot is required, or when carrying passengers. Holding a flight instructor certificate does not exempt an instructor from the flight review requirement.

Question 43Flight Instructor Responsibilities and Regulations

Which document must a flight instructor personally endorse before a student may operate an aircraft solo?

  1. The student's knowledge test report
  2. The aircraft's airworthiness certificate
  3. The student's medical certificate
  4. The student's logbook with a solo endorsement and its expiration date Correct answer.

Explanation

Section 61.87 requires the instructor to endorse the student's logbook or other record certifying that the student is proficient to make solo flights, including the date the endorsement expires. The endorsement has a defined expiration and must be renewed by the instructor.

Question 44Flight Instructor Responsibilities and Regulations

A flight instructor's certificate is issued with airplane single-engine and instrument airplane ratings. Which additional privilege does the instrument rating confer on the instructor?

  1. Authority to give instrument instruction in airplanes Correct answer.
  2. Authority to conduct instrument proficiency checks for any pilot
  3. Authority to act as an instrument examiner
  4. Authority to endorse applicants for instrument rating practical tests

Explanation

A flight instructor with an instrument rating may give instrument instruction in the category and class of aircraft for which the rating is held. The rating does not confer examiner or proficiency-check authority, which belongs to designated examiners or the Administrator.

Question 45Flight Instructor Responsibilities and Regulations

What is the required minimum age for a person to be issued a flight instructor certificate?

  1. 16 years
  2. 17 years
  3. 18 years Correct answer.
  4. 21 years

Explanation

Section 61.183(a)(1) requires an applicant for a flight instructor certificate to be at least 18 years of age. The higher age reflects the instructional responsibility the certificate carries.

Question 46Flight Instructor Responsibilities and Regulations

An instructor endorses a student for a private pilot practical test, but the student fails the test. What is the instructor's responsibility regarding further training and endorsement?

  1. The student must wait 90 days before any retest
  2. The student must obtain a new knowledge test report before retesting
  3. The original endorsement remains valid for a retest without further action
  4. The instructor must provide the training necessary to correct the deficient areas and endorse the student for the retest Correct answer.

Explanation

After a failed practical test, the applicant must receive additional training on the deficient areas from an authorized instructor before retesting. That instructor then endorses the applicant to certify the required training was accomplished.

Question 47Flight Instructor Responsibilities and Regulations

A flight instructor provides a flight review to a pilot. What must the instructor endorse in the pilot's logbook?

  1. The pilot's total flight hours and the aircraft type
  2. The instructor's own flight review date
  3. A list of the maneuvers practiced during the review
  4. A statement that the pilot demonstrated satisfactory performance and the date of the review Correct answer.

Explanation

Section 61.56 requires the instructor to endorse the pilot's logbook certifying that the pilot has satisfactorily completed a flight review and the date it was completed. The endorsement is the pilot's evidence of flight review currency.

Question 48Flight Instructor Responsibilities and Regulations

An instructor is preparing to endorse a student for a solo cross-country flight. Which condition must be satisfied before the endorsement is issued?

  1. The student must have logged at least 100 hours total time
  2. The student must hold a current class 1 medical certificate
  3. The student must have received the required cross-country training and be proficient in the maneuvers Correct answer.
  4. The student must have passed the private pilot knowledge test

Explanation

Section 61.93 requires specific training in cross-country procedures and an endorsement certifying the student is proficient to make the solo cross-country flight. The instructor must also review the specific flight planning for each solo cross-country.

Question 49Flight Instructor Responsibilities and Regulations

An instructor's certificate has lapsed and the instructor has not renewed it. Which activity may the person continue to perform?

  1. Endorse students for solo flight
  2. Give flight instruction toward a certificate or rating
  3. Conduct flight reviews for certificated pilots
  4. Log flight time as a pilot in command when flying alone Correct answer.

Explanation

A lapsed flight instructor certificate removes instructional privileges and the authority to issue endorsements, but it does not affect the underlying pilot certificate. The person may still exercise pilot privileges, including logging PIC time when appropriately rated and current.

Question 50Flight Instructor Responsibilities and Regulations

A flight instructor is asked to renew an expired flight instructor certificate. Which method is available to accomplish this renewal?

  1. Flying 100 hours in the preceding 12 months
  2. Completing a designated instructor refresher course
  3. Passing a practical test for the flight instructor certificate Correct answer.
  4. Submitting a logbook endorsement from any private pilot

Explanation

Section 61.199 allows renewal of an expired flight instructor certificate by passing a practical test for the certificate or by other means specified in the regulations, such as completing an approved refresher course within the preceding period. Passing the practical test is an explicitly available route.