FAST Math Grade 5 key terms

The value a digit has because of its position in a number. In 4,703 the 7 means 700, while in 7,430 it means 7,000.

A way of writing a number as the sum of the values of each of its digits, such as 3,508 = 3,000 + 500 + 8.

A number written in the usual way with digits only, one digit per place, such as 26,041 rather than in words or expanded form.

Replacing a number with a nearby number of a chosen place value. Look at the digit to the right; 5 or more rounds up, 4 or less keeps the digit.

An answer that is close to the exact value, often found by rounding numbers before computing, used to judge whether a calculated answer is reasonable.

The result of a division problem. In 56 ÷ 8 = 7, the quotient is 7; it may include a remainder when the divisor does not divide evenly.

The amount left over after dividing when the divisor does not divide the dividend exactly, as in 47 ÷ 5 = 9 remainder 2.

The number you divide by in a division problem. In 72 ÷ 9, the divisor is 9 and it tells how many equal groups are being made.

The result of multiplying two or more numbers. In 6 × 7 = 42, the product is 42, which can also be seen as the area of a 6-by-7 rectangle.

A number that is multiplied with another to make a product. The factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12.

The result of multiplying a whole number by another whole number. Multiples of 4 include 4, 8, 12, 16, and so on.

The dot that separates the whole-number part from the fractional part of a decimal. Digits to its right name tenths, hundredths, thousandths, and smaller places.

The place value three positions to the right of the decimal point, meaning one part out of 1,000. In 0.427 the digit 7 is in the thousandths place.

Having the same value even though written differently. One half, two fourths, and 0.5 are equivalent because they name the same amount.

A fraction written with the smallest possible whole-number numerator and denominator, found by dividing both by their greatest common factor. Twelve eighteenths simplifies to two thirds.

A shared denominator for two or more fractions, allowing them to be added, subtracted, or compared. For one third and one fourth, 12 is a common denominator.

The smallest number, greater than zero, that is a multiple of two or more given numbers. The least common multiple of 6 and 8 is 24.

The largest whole number that divides two or more numbers evenly. The greatest common factor of 18 and 24 is 6.

A fraction whose numerator is greater than or equal to its denominator, such as seven fourths, which equals one and three fourths.

A number made of a whole number and a fraction, such as 2 3/5. It can be rewritten as an improper fraction: thirteen fifths.

A fraction with numerator 1, such as 1/6. Any fraction can be built by combining copies of unit fractions, and dividing by a whole number creates one.

The fraction you get by swapping a fraction's numerator and denominator. The reciprocal of three eighths is eight thirds, and their product is 1.

A combination of numbers and operation signs with no equals sign, such as 5 + 3 × 4. It is evaluated following the order of operations.

The agreed sequence for evaluating expressions: grouping symbols first, then exponents, then multiplication and division left to right, then addition and subtraction left to right.

Grouping symbols that show which part of an expression to compute first. In 3 × (4 + 5), the sum is found before multiplying.

Grouping symbols [ ] used around part of an expression, often inside parentheses, to show that the enclosed operation happens before those outside it.

A letter or symbol that stands for an unknown or changing number, such as n in the expression 4n + 2.

A grid formed by a horizontal x-axis and a vertical y-axis crossing at the origin, where each point is named by an ordered pair (x, y).

Two numbers written in the order (x, y) that locate a point on the coordinate plane. The first number is horizontal distance, the second vertical.

The point (0, 0) where the x-axis and y-axis of a coordinate plane intersect; it is the starting point for locating all other points.

The amount of space a solid figure occupies, measured in cubic units. For a rectangular prism it equals length × width × height.

A cube measuring 1 unit on each edge, with a volume of 1 cubic unit. Filling a prism with unit cubes shows its volume.

A rectangle diagram used to show multiplication or fractions, where side lengths are factors and the rectangle's area is the product.

A ranking of two-dimensional figures by shared properties, in which every shape in a lower group also belongs to the groups above it, such as all squares being rectangles.

A closed two-dimensional figure with exactly four straight sides, including squares, rectangles, parallelograms, rhombuses, and trapezoids.

A measurable or observable feature of a shape or object, such as number of sides, angle size, side length, or faces, used to classify and describe it.

A number line marked with data values where each X above a value stands for one observation, making the spread and frequency of data easy to see.

The balance point of a data set, found by adding all values and dividing by how many there are; also called the average.

The middle value of a data set arranged in order. With an even number of values, it is the mean of the two middle values.

Judging whether an answer makes sense in the situation, using estimation, units, and the meaning of the numbers rather than only the computation.

A drawing, diagram, array, or equation that represents a problem situation and helps show the relationships among the quantities involved.