Florida Biology EOC study plan

Build a one-page reference sheet mapping the four macromolecule classes to their monomers, bond types, and one cellular function each, writing from memory before checking notes

Label a blank diagram of the plasma membrane with phospholipid bilayer, integral and peripheral proteins, cholesterol, and glycoproteins, then explain in two sentences how each component contributes to selective permeability

Compare passive transport, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and active transport in a four-row table that names the direction of movement, whether energy is required, and one concrete cellular example of each

Predict the net direction of water movement for three given solute-concentration scenarios and justify each prediction using the terms hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic

Sequence the events of cellular respiration from glycolysis through the electron transport chain, naming the location, the inputs, and the outputs of each stage

Contrast aerobic respiration with anaerobic fermentation by writing two paragraphs that explain why a muscle cell switches pathways and what accumulates as a result

Diagram the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle, marking where ATP and NADPH are produced and consumed and where carbon fixation occurs

Explain how the products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration cycle carbon and oxygen between a plant and an animal in a closed system

Solve four energy-flow problems that require tracking ATP yield or carbon atoms through the two pathways

Describe the stages of the cell cycle in order and state the key checkpoint event that must occur before each transition

Model the phases of mitosis using labeled sketches and identify one distinguishing feature of each phase that separates it from the others

Compare mitosis and meiosis on chromosome number, number of divisions, crossing over, and the genetic uniqueness of daughter cells in a four-row table

Explain how a failure in a cell-cycle checkpoint can lead to uncontrolled division, using the terms proto-oncogene, tumor suppressor, and mutation

Interpret a described karyotype or chromosome count to determine whether nondisjunction occurred during meiosis I or meiosis II

Trace the flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein, naming the enzyme and the location for each step

Transcribe a given DNA sequence into mRNA and translate it into an amino acid chain using a codon table, then identify the effect of a single-base substitution on the resulting protein

Distinguish among silent, missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutations by predicting the protein-level consequence of each

Define the levels of biological classification from domain to species and correctly place five described organisms into their domains and kingdoms using observable traits

Build a dichotomous key of at least six steps that separates five organisms you describe yourself

Set up and solve monohybrid and dihybrid crosses using Punnett squares, reporting both genotypic and phenotypic ratios

Predict offspring ratios for incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, and sex-linked traits, and explain why each departs from simple Mendelian ratios

Analyze a described pedigree to determine whether a trait is autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked, citing the specific individuals that rule out each alternative

Apply the laws of segregation and independent assortment to explain how genetic variation arises in gametes

Interpret a described data table of offspring counts to test whether observed results fit an expected ratio

Summarize the evidence for evolution from fossils, comparative anatomy, embryology, molecular biology, and biogeography, giving one specific example for each source

Distinguish homologous, analogous, and vestigial structures and explain what each reveals about evolutionary relationships

Explain natural selection as a mechanism by describing the conditions required for it and applying them to a described population under environmental change

Compare directional, stabilizing, and disruptive selection and predict the effect of each on a trait distribution

Define a species and explain how geographic isolation can lead to reproductive isolation and speciation

Map energy flow and trophic levels in a described food web, calculating the approximate energy available at each level given a starting value

Distinguish producers, consumers, and decomposers by role and explain why decomposers are essential to nutrient cycling

Compare the carbon, nitrogen, and water cycles by identifying the main reservoir and one human impact on each

Differentiate primary and secondary succession and predict which species types appear at each stage

Classify relationships as mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, competition, or predation from described scenarios and justify each choice

Complete two full-length timed practice sets under exam conditions and record the score and time for each

Categorize every missed question by domain and error type, then re-teach the three weakest topics using your own notes

Re-derive the highest-yield reference content, including transport types, the central dogma, Mendelian ratios, and energy flow, from memory

Practice constructed-response answers by writing claims supported by specific evidence and reasoning in three sample prompts