GACE Family and Consumer Sciences (714) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Object permanence

Piaget's sensorimotor achievement, typically by about 8 to 12 months, in which an infant understands that an object continues to exist even when it is hidden from view.

Conservation (Piaget)

The understanding that quantity, mass, or volume stays the same despite changes in appearance or container shape; it develops in the concrete operational stage around ages 7 to 11.

Authoritative parenting

A style combining high warmth with high, reasoned control. Parents set clear expectations, explain rules, and encourage independence, a pattern linked to positive social and academic outcomes.

Secure attachment

An attachment pattern in which an infant uses the caregiver as a safe base, shows distress at separation, and is readily comforted on reunion, reflecting responsive caregiving.

Identity vs. role confusion

Erikson's adolescent stage in which the task is to form a coherent sense of self, values, and direction; failure results in uncertainty about roles and beliefs.

Microsystem

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological model, the innermost setting of direct interaction, such as family, classroom, or peer group, that shapes the developing person.

Opportunity cost

The value of the best alternative given up when a resource is committed to one use; it is the correct comparison basis for consumer and management decisions.

Rule of 72

A shortcut estimating the years required for savings to double at compound interest, calculated as 72 divided by the annual percentage rate.

Net worth

A point-in-time measure calculated as total assets minus total liabilities; it differs from cash flow, which tracks income and expenses over a period.

APR

Annual percentage rate: the standardized yearly cost of credit that includes interest and certain fees, allowing comparison of loan offers with different terms.

Emergency fund

Readily accessible savings set aside to cover essential expenses during income loss or unexpected costs, commonly targeted at three to six months of expenses.

Fixed vs. flexible expenses

Fixed expenses are relatively constant obligations such as rent or insurance; flexible expenses vary and can be adjusted, so they are cut first when a budget is short.

AMDR

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range: the recommended share of calories from each macronutrient, about 45-65 percent carbohydrate, 20-35 percent fat, and 10-35 percent protein.

Maillard reaction

A nonenzymatic browning reaction between reducing sugars and amino acids that produces brown color and savory flavors when foods are heated, as in seared meat or toasted bread.

Gluten development

The elastic network formed when gliadin and glutenin hydrate and are worked; fat and sugar interfere with it, while kneading strengthens it for bread structure.

Danger zone

The temperature range of roughly 4 to 60 degrees Celsius (40 to 140 Fahrenheit) in which bacteria multiply rapidly; perishable food should be held outside it.

Emulsifier

A substance with both water-loving and fat-loving ends that stabilizes a mixture of oil and water, such as lecithin in egg yolk, preventing separation.

Leavening agent

A substance or process that introduces gas into dough or batter to make it rise, through biological action like yeast, chemical reaction like baking powder, or physical means like steam.

Staple versus filament

Staple fibers are short and spun into yarn, giving softness and pilling; filament fibers are continuous strands, giving smoothness, strength, and luster.

Twill weave

A basic weave with diagonal floats created by passing weft over two or more warp yarns, producing durable, soil-hiding fabrics such as denim and gabardine.

Grainline

A pattern marking arrow showing how the pattern piece aligns with the fabric's lengthwise warp yarns, ensuring the finished garment hangs and wears correctly.

Bias cut

Cutting fabric at a 45-degree angle to the lengthwise and crosswise yarns, which yields stretch and fluid drape and requires careful handling to avoid distortion.

Full-bust adjustment

A pattern alteration that adds width and length to the front bodice to accommodate a larger bust while preserving the garment's intended fit at the waist and shoulders.

Fiber content disclosure

A legally required label statement of the generic names and percentages of fibers in a textile product, governed by federal textile labeling rules.

Principles of design

Guidelines for arranging design elements: balance, rhythm, emphasis, proportion and scale, and unity or harmony, used to evaluate interior and apparel compositions.

Analogous color scheme

A color plan using hues adjacent on the color wheel, such as blue, blue-green, and green, producing a harmonious and cohesive interior or garment palette.

Kitchen work triangle

The path linking sink, range, and refrigerator; its three legs are kept short, commonly totaling 12 to 26 feet, to reduce unnecessary steps.

Universal design

Designing products and spaces to be usable by people of varied abilities without adaptation, through equitable use, flexibility, low effort, and adequate clear space.

Task lighting

Focused illumination directed at a work surface such as a counter, desk, or sewing area, layered with ambient and accent lighting to reduce glare and eye strain.

FCCLA

Family, Career and Community Leaders of America, the career and technical student organization for family and consumer sciences, offering leadership events and competitive recognition programs.

Formative assessment

Ongoing checks during instruction, such as questioning, exit tickets, or lab observation, used to adjust teaching rather than to assign a final grade.

Differentiation

Adapting content, process, or product to students' readiness, interests, and learning profiles so that each student can access and demonstrate the same essential learning.