Georgia Milestones Math Grade 5 flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Value of a digit

The amount a digit represents based on its place. In 5,284 the digit 2 stands for 200 because it sits in the hundreds place, which is 10 times the tens place.

Expanded form

Writing a number as the sum of its place values, such as 3,000 + 400 + 50 + 6 for 3,456, or 0.7 + 0.05 for 0.75.

Rounding decimals

Find the target place, then check the digit to its right. If that digit is 5 or more, increase the target digit by one; otherwise keep it.

Comparing decimals

Align digits by place value and compare from left to right. 0.6 is greater than 0.58 because 6 tenths exceeds 5 tenths.

Equivalent fractions

Fractions naming the same amount, made by multiplying or dividing numerator and denominator by the same nonzero number, as in 3/4 = 9/12.

Adding unlike denominators

Rewrite both fractions with a common denominator, add the numerators, and keep the denominator. 1/3 + 1/4 becomes 4/12 + 3/12 = 7/12.

Multiplying fractions

Multiply numerators together and denominators together. 2/5 × 3/4 = 6/20, which simplifies to 3/10.

Area with fractional sides

Multiply the side lengths, including fractions. A rectangle 3/4 unit by 2/3 unit has area 6/12, or 1/2 square unit.

Dividing by unit fraction

Dividing a whole number by 1/n equals multiplying by n. 6 ÷ 1/4 = 24 because 24 one-fourths fit into 6 wholes.

Scaling by a fraction

Multiplying by a fraction less than 1 shrinks the number; multiplying by a fraction greater than 1 enlarges it. 20 × 1/4 = 5.

Volume formula

Volume of a right rectangular prism equals length times width times height, reported in cubic units. A 2 by 3 by 4 prism holds 24 cubic units.

Composite solid volume

Split the figure into non-overlapping rectangular prisms, compute each volume, then add them to get the total volume.

Ordered pair

A pair (x, y) locating a point on the coordinate plane: x gives horizontal distance from the origin and y gives vertical distance.

Coordinate plane axes

The horizontal x-axis and vertical y-axis intersect at the origin (0, 0). Points are plotted by moving right or left, then up or down.

Standard multiplication algorithm

Multiply by each digit of the second factor, shift each partial product one place left, then add. 23 × 14 gives 92 plus 230, totaling 322.

Long division steps

Repeat divide, multiply, subtract, and bring down. For 856 ÷ 4: 8÷4=2, 5÷4=1 remainder 1, then 16÷4=4, giving 214.

Adding decimals

Line up the decimal points, pad with zeros so places match, then add column by column. 3.7 + 1.45 becomes 3.70 + 1.45 = 5.15.

Multiplying decimals

Multiply as whole numbers, then place the decimal so the product has as many decimal places as both factors combined. 0.6 × 0.3 = 0.18.

Dividing decimals

Move the divisor's decimal point to make it a whole number, shift the dividend the same number of places, then divide. 7.2 ÷ 0.8 = 72 ÷ 8 = 9.

Order of operations

Parentheses first, then multiplication and division from left to right, then addition and subtraction left to right. 5 + 2 × 3 = 11.

Numerical pattern rule

A rule that generates a sequence from a starting value, such as add 7 or multiply by 2. Applying it repeatedly extends the pattern.

Ordered pairs from rules

A rule such as y = 3x creates pairs (1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9), which can be graphed as points on the coordinate plane.

Numerical expression

A combination of numbers and operations without an equals sign, like 4 × (9 − 3). Words such as sum and product signal the operations.

Metric conversions

Multiply when converting to a smaller unit and divide for a larger unit. 3.5 meters becomes 350 centimeters because 1 m = 100 cm.

Customary conversions

1 foot = 12 inches, 1 yard = 3 feet, 1 pound = 16 ounces, 1 gallon = 4 quarts. Multiply to convert to smaller units.

Line plot with fractions

A number line where each X marks one data value. Total the values, then divide by the count of X's to find the mean.

Mean of a data set

Add all values and divide by how many values there are. For 4, 6, 8, 10 the sum is 28 and the mean is 7.

Unit fraction

A fraction with numerator 1, such as 1/2, 1/5, or 1/8. Any fraction a/b is a copies of the unit fraction 1/b.

Mixed number to fraction

Multiply the whole number by the denominator, add the numerator, and place the result over the denominator. 2 1/3 becomes 7/3.

Dividing fractions by wholes

Dividing a fraction by a whole number makes it smaller. 1/2 ÷ 4 = 1/8, since half is split into four equal parts.

Rounding to estimate

Round each number to a friendly place before computing to check reasonableness. 48 × 21 is about 50 × 20 = 1,000.

Attributes of shapes

Two-dimensional figures are classified by properties such as parallel sides, right angles, and equal side lengths, forming a hierarchy of categories.