Georgia Milestones Math Grade 5 key terms

The value a digit has because of its position in a number. In 4,703, the 4 means 4 thousands, the 7 means 7 hundreds, and the 3 means 3 ones.

Writing a number with digits only, with each digit in its usual place. For example, three hundred forty-two in standard form is 342.

Writing a number as the sum of the values of its digits. For example, 5,206 in expanded form is 5,000 + 200 + 6.

Writing a number using words instead of digits. For example, 1,045 in word form is one thousand, forty-five.

Replacing a number with a nearby number of a chosen place value. Look at the digit to the right: 5 or more rounds up, 4 or less keeps the digit the same.

A number that uses a decimal point to show parts of a whole, such as 3.75. The digits after the point stand for tenths, hundredths, and smaller parts.

The dot in a decimal number that separates the whole-number part from the fractional part. In 12.6 it separates 12 ones from 6 tenths.

The place one step to the right of the decimal point. One tenth is one of ten equal parts of a whole, written as 0.1 or 1/10.

The place two steps to the right of the decimal point. One hundredth is one of one hundred equal parts of a whole, written as 0.01 or 1/100.

A fraction whose denominator is 10, 100, 1,000, or another power of ten. For example, 7/100 equals the decimal 0.07.

Deciding which of two decimals is greater by comparing digits from left to right, place by place. For example, 0.6 is greater than 0.58 because 6 tenths beats 5 tenths.

Finding a number close to the exact answer, often by rounding first. For example, 398 + 205 is about 400 + 200 = 600.

The result of adding two or more numbers. In 24 + 18 = 42, the sum is 42.

The result of subtracting one number from another. In 90 - 35 = 55, the difference is 55.

The result of multiplying two or more numbers. In 7 × 8 = 56, the product is 56.

The result of dividing one number by another. In 72 ÷ 9 = 8, the quotient is 8.

The number being divided in a division problem. In 45 ÷ 5 = 9, the dividend is 45.

The number you divide by in a division problem. In 45 ÷ 5 = 9, the divisor is 5.

The amount left over when a number does not divide evenly. In 23 ÷ 4, the quotient is 5 with a remainder of 3.

A number that is multiplied in a multiplication problem, or a number that divides another number evenly. The factors of 12 include 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12.

A number you get by multiplying a given number by a whole number. Multiples of 6 include 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30.

A whole number greater than 1 whose only factors are 1 and itself. Examples are 2, 3, 5, 7, and 11.

A whole number greater than 1 that has more than two factors. For example, 12 is composite because 2, 3, 4, and 6 also divide it evenly.

The agreed order for computing an expression: do parentheses first, then exponents, then multiplication and division left to right, then addition and subtraction left to right.

A mathematical phrase built from numbers, operations, and sometimes letters or parentheses, with no equals sign. Examples are 3 + 4 × 2 and 5n - 1.

Grouping symbols ( ) that show which part of an expression to compute first. In 3 × (4 + 5), add 4 and 5 before multiplying.

A sequence of numbers that follows a rule, such as adding 3 each time or multiplying by 2. The rule lets you predict later terms.

A table that pairs each input number with an output number according to a rule. For example, input 4 gives output 12 when the rule is multiply by 3.

A number that names part of a whole or part of a group, written as one number over another. In 3/4, the 3 counts parts and the 4 tells the size of each part.

The top number of a fraction. It tells how many equal parts are being counted or described, as the 3 in 3/4.

The bottom number of a fraction. It tells how many equal parts the whole is divided into, as the 4 in 3/4.

Fractions that name the same amount even though their numbers differ. For example, 1/2, 2/4, and 5/10 are equivalent.

A fraction written with the smallest possible whole numbers, where the numerator and denominator share no factor other than 1. For example, 6/8 in simplest form is 3/4.

A number that is a multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions, letting you add or compare them. For 1/3 and 1/4, 12 is a common denominator.

The smallest number, greater than zero, that is a multiple of two or more given numbers. The least common multiple of 4 and 6 is 12.

A number made of a whole number and a fraction, such as 2 1/3. It means 2 plus 1/3 and can be rewritten as the fraction 7/3.

A fraction whose numerator is greater than or equal to its denominator, such as 7/4. Its value is 1 or more.

A fraction with 1 as its numerator, such as 1/5 or 1/12. It names one equal part of a whole.

The amount of surface a flat shape covers, measured in square units. A rectangle 4 units by 6 units has an area of 24 square units.

The distance around the outside of a flat shape, found by adding its side lengths. A rectangle 4 by 6 has a perimeter of 20 units.

The amount of space a solid figure fills, measured in cubic units. A box 2 by 3 by 4 units has a volume of 24 cubic units.

A cube whose edges are each 1 unit long, used to measure volume. Filling a solid with unit cubes counts how many cubic units it holds.

A solid with six rectangular faces. Its volume equals length times width times height, or the area of its base times its height.

A flat surface formed by a horizontal number line and a vertical number line crossing at zero. Points are located by ordered pairs.

Two numbers in a set order that locate a point on a coordinate plane. In (3, 5), the first number gives the horizontal position and the second gives the vertical position.

The horizontal number line on a coordinate plane. In an ordered pair, the first number tells how far to move along the x-axis.

The vertical number line on a coordinate plane. In an ordered pair, the second number tells how far to move up or down along the y-axis.

The point where the x-axis and y-axis cross on a coordinate plane, named by the ordered pair (0, 0).

A closed flat shape made of straight line segments that do not cross. Triangles, squares, pentagons, and hexagons are polygons.

A polygon with exactly four sides and four angles. Squares, rectangles, parallelograms, and trapezoids are all quadrilaterals.

A ranking of shapes from broad groups to narrower ones, where every shape in a narrower group also belongs to the broader group. All squares are rectangles, so squares sit inside rectangles.

The measuring units common in the United States, such as inches, feet, yards, miles, ounces, pounds, cups, and gallons. Converting between them uses facts like 12 inches = 1 foot.

Measuring units based on powers of ten, such as millimeters, centimeters, meters, kilometers, grams, kilograms, liters, and milliliters. Converting between them means multiplying or dividing by 10, 100, or 1,000.

Changing a measurement from one unit to another without changing the amount. For example, 3 meters becomes 300 centimeters by multiplying by 100.

A number line marked with Xs or dots above each value to show how often that value occurs in a data set. It quickly reveals the most common value.

A collection of numbers or values gathered about something, such as the heights of students in a class. It can be described by its center, spread, and shape.

The balance point of a data set, found by adding all the values and dividing by how many there are. The mean of 2, 4, and 9 is 5.

The middle value of a data set when the values are arranged in order. If there are two middle values, the median is their mean.