GA Milestones Grade 5 Science cheat sheet

Grade 5 Science - Core Reference

• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space; mass is measured with a balance (grams) and is not the same as weight, which is a pull of gravity measured with a spring scale (newtons).

• Physical changes alter size, shape, or state but not the substance (cutting, melting, dissolving); chemical changes form a new substance and are shown by color change, gas bubbles, heat or light given off, or a new smell.

• Three common states of matter: solids keep shape and volume, liquids keep volume but take container shape, gases spread to fill any container; adding heat generally speeds particles up and can cause melting or evaporation.

• Mixtures are physical combinations that keep their parts' properties and can be separated by filtering, sifting, magnets, or evaporating; solutions are mixtures where one substance dissolves evenly in another.

• Water boils at 100 °C and freezes at 0 °C at normal air pressure; condensation is gas turning to liquid (droplets on a cold glass) and evaporation is liquid turning to gas.

• Electricity flows in a closed loop from an energy source through conductors; insulators such as rubber, plastic, and glass block current. A switch simply opens or closes the circuit.

• A simple series circuit has one path, so removing one bulb stops all; a parallel circuit has branches, so one broken branch does not stop the others.

• Magnets attract iron, nickel, and cobalt; like poles repel and opposite poles attract, and the magnetic force is strongest at the poles.

• Energy appears as motion, light, sound, heat, and stored (potential) energy; energy can move between forms and objects but is not created or destroyed in ordinary changes.