GA Milestones Grade 5 Science flashcards
GA Milestones Grade 5 Science · Build recall with a focused review session.
33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Matter
- Anything that has mass and takes up space. Air, water, rocks, and living things are all matter, and matter can be described by its properties.
- Mass vs. weight
- Mass is the amount of matter in an object and stays the same anywhere; weight is the pull of gravity on that matter and changes with location.
- Physical change
- A change in size, shape, or state that does not create a new substance. Tearing paper, melting ice, and dissolving sugar are examples.
- Chemical change
- A change that produces a new substance with different properties. Clues include color change, bubbling, heat or light release, or a new odor.
- Solid
- A state of matter with a definite shape and a definite volume. Its particles are packed closely and vibrate in place rather than sliding past each other.
- Liquid
- A state of matter with a definite volume but no definite shape. It takes the shape of its container, and its particles slide past one another.
- Gas
- A state of matter with no definite shape or volume. Its particles spread apart to fill any container, and a gas can be compressed into a smaller space.
- Melting point
- The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid. For ice at normal air pressure, melting happens at 0 degrees Celsius.
- Boiling point of water
- The temperature at which liquid water changes to steam throughout the liquid. At normal air pressure this is 100 degrees Celsius.
- Evaporation
- The change from liquid to gas at the surface of a liquid. Puddles dry up by evaporation, and it happens faster in warm, windy, dry conditions.
- Condensation
- The change from gas to liquid. Water vapor in warm air cools on a cold surface, forming droplets on a glass or on grass as dew.
- Mixture
- A physical combination of two or more substances that keep their own properties. Mixtures can be separated by filtering, sifting, magnets, or evaporating.
- Solution
- A mixture in which one substance dissolves evenly in another, such as salt in water. The dissolved substance cannot be filtered out easily.
- Conservation of matter
- In a closed container, the total mass stays the same during physical and chemical changes because matter is not created or destroyed.
- Conductor
- A material that lets electric current or heat pass through easily. Metals such as copper and aluminum are good conductors.
- Insulator
- A material that slows or blocks the flow of electric current or heat. Rubber, plastic, wood, glass, and air are common insulators.
- Closed circuit
- A complete, unbroken path that lets electric current flow from the energy source through wires and back. An open circuit stops the current.
- Series circuit
- A circuit with only one path for current. If one bulb is removed or burns out, the path breaks and all bulbs go out.
- Parallel circuit
- A circuit with two or more separate branches. Current can still flow through other branches when one branch is broken.
- Magnetic poles
- The two ends of a magnet where the force is strongest. Opposite poles attract each other, and like poles push each other away.
- Magnetic materials
- Only a few metals are attracted to magnets: iron, nickel, and cobalt. Copper, aluminum, and most nonmetals are not attracted.
- Static electricity
- A buildup of electric charge on a surface. It can cause a spark or make a charged balloon attract small bits of paper.
- Kinetic energy
- The energy of motion. A moving ball, flowing water, and moving air all have kinetic energy, which increases as speed increases.
- Potential energy
- Stored energy based on position or condition. A ball on a shelf or a stretched rubber band has potential energy that can become motion.
- Energy transfer
- Energy moving from one object or form to another, such as electrical energy becoming light and heat in a bulb or motion becoming sound.
- Light travels in straight lines
- Light moves in straight paths until it hits something. Shadows form because an object blocks light, and reflection bounces light back.
- Reflection and refraction
- Reflection is light bouncing off a surface, as in a mirror. Refraction is light bending as it passes from one material into another, as in water.
- Sound as vibration
- Sound is produced by vibrating matter and travels as waves through solids, liquids, and gases. It cannot travel through empty space.
- Pitch and volume
- Pitch is how high or low a sound is, set by how fast the object vibrates. Volume is how loud or soft it is, set by vibration size.
- Fossils
- Preserved remains or traces of once-living things, usually found in sedimentary rock. Fossils give evidence about organisms and environments of the past.
- Weathering and erosion
- Weathering breaks rock into smaller pieces in place; erosion moves those pieces away by water, wind, ice, or gravity. Deposition drops them elsewhere.
- Water cycle
- The repeating movement of water through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection. The Sun provides the energy that drives the cycle.
- Inherited vs. learned traits
- Inherited traits come from parents through genes, such as eye color. Learned behaviors are gained from experience, such as reading or riding a bike.