GTLE Multiple Subjects Early Grade flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Phonemic awareness

The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual phonemes in spoken words, such as blending /k/-/a/-/t/ into cat or deleting the first sound from blend.

Alphabetic principle

The understanding that letters and letter combinations represent the sounds of spoken language, allowing readers to decode unfamiliar printed words systematically.

Fluency

Reading text accurately, at an appropriate rate, and with expression; it links word recognition to comprehension and is measured in words correct per minute.

Running record

An assessment in which a teacher records a child's oral reading errors and self-corrections to determine accuracy rate and identify which cueing systems the reader uses.

Recursive writing process

A cyclical approach to writing in which planning, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing repeat as needed rather than occurring in one fixed sequence.

Place value

A positional system in which each digit's value depends on its position, with each place worth ten times the place to its right.

Common denominator

A shared multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions, needed to add or subtract them because only like-sized parts can be combined.

Dividing fractions rule

To divide by a fraction, multiply by its reciprocal: a/b divided by c/d equals a/b times d/c, which yields the quotient.

Area of a triangle

Half the product of a base and the height perpendicular to that base, expressed as one-half times base times height.

Median

The middle value of a data set arranged in order; with an even number of values, it is the mean of the two middle values.

Independent variable

The factor the investigator deliberately changes in an experiment, whose effect is observed through the dependent variable while other conditions are held constant.

Conservation of mass

The principle that matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical changes, so total mass stays the same even when appearance changes.

Food chain

A sequence showing energy transfer from producers to consumers to decomposers, with energy decreasing at each successive trophic level.

Seasons cause

Seasons result from Earth's tilted axis changing the angle and duration of sunlight during its yearly orbit, not from distance to the Sun.

Friction

A contact force that opposes motion between surfaces, converting some kinetic energy to heat and slowing moving objects.

Map scale

A ratio or bar on a map that converts measured map distance into actual ground distance, such as one inch representing one mile.

Checks and balances

Constitutional arrangements letting each branch limit the others, such as a veto, override, or judicial review, preventing any one branch from dominating.

Opportunity cost

The value of the next best alternative given up when a choice is made because resources are scarce and cannot satisfy all wants.

Primary source

A record created by a participant or witness at the time of an event, such as a letter, photograph, diary, or artifact.

FITT principle

A framework for exercise prescription specifying Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type of activity to build and maintain physical fitness safely.

Cardiorespiratory endurance

The ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to supply oxygen during sustained activity, improved by aerobic exercise such as running or swimming.

Locomotor skills

Movement patterns that travel through space, including walking, running, hopping, skipping, jumping, galloping, and sliding, used in games and dance.

Communicable disease

An illness caused by a pathogen that spreads from person to person through contact, droplets, vectors, or contaminated food and water.

Elements of art

The basic visual building blocks: line, shape, form, color, value, texture, and space, used to compose all works of art.

Complementary colors

Pairs opposite each other on the color wheel, such as red and green, that create strong contrast and neutralize when mixed.

Timbre

The distinctive tone color of a voice or instrument that lets a listener tell a flute from a violin playing the same pitch and volume.

Tableau

A frozen, silent group picture created with bodies and facial expression, often used in drama to depict a moment or idea.

Zone of proximal development

Vygotsky's range between what a learner can do alone and what the learner can do with guidance from a more capable person.

Formative assessment

Ongoing checks during instruction, such as questioning or exit tickets, used to adjust teaching rather than to assign a final grade.

Backward design

Planning that begins with desired learning results, then identifies acceptable evidence, then designs instruction and learning experiences.

Differentiation

Adapting content, process, or product to students' readiness, interests, or learning profiles while keeping the same essential learning goals.

Bloom's revised taxonomy

A hierarchy of cognitive processes ordered as remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, and create, used to plan and assess learning objectives.