NGSA - independent subject foundations flashcards
NGSA - independent subject foundations · Build recall with a focused review session.
20 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- rational number
- A number expressible as a ratio of integers with a nonzero denominator, represented by whole numbers, fractions or suitable decimal forms.
- absolute value
- The distance of a number from zero on a number line, distinguished from its signed value in an ordered comparison.
- greatest common factor
- The largest positive whole-number divisor shared by the stated numbers, distinct from the least positive multiple they share.
- reciprocal
- The multiplicative inverse of a nonzero quantity, used in valid division transformations rather than as a reason to invert arbitrary fractions.
- exponent
- A power notation describing repeated multiplication for positive integer cases, with additional defined rules and conditions for zero or negative integers.
- ratio
- A comparison of quantities in the named order, requiring a distinction between part-to-part and part-to-whole relationships in context.
- unit rate
- A quantity per one unit of another quantity, retaining both units so that its interpretation is not accidentally inverted.
- variable
- A symbol representing a quantity whose role and permitted values should be identified before writing or interpreting an expression or equation.
- coefficient
- A numerical factor multiplying a variable part in an algebraic term, distinguished from an exponent and from a separate constant term.
- solution
- A value or set of values satisfying the original equation or inequality, checked by substitution and any relevant domain restrictions.
- perpendicular height
- A distance measured at right angles to a chosen base, not automatically the visible slanted side in an area problem.
- surface area
- The total area of the relevant exterior faces of a solid, measured in square units rather than the cubic units of volume.
- volume
- A measure of three-dimensional space, whose formula and units must match the actual solid and stated dimensions in the problem.
- coordinate
- A numerical component of an ordered location, whose axis, sign and position must be identified rather than reversed by visual guesswork.
- scale factor
- A ratio of corresponding lengths in similar figures, whose effect on area differs from its direct effect on a length.
- population
- The entire group about which a statistical question seeks information, distinguished from the particular observations actually selected for a sample.
- selection bias
- A systematic effect of the sampling method that over-represents or omits relevant groups and is not automatically removed by a large count.
- median
- The central ordered data position or mean of two central values, requiring sorting and correct handling of the number of observations.
- range
- The difference between the maximum and minimum observed values, distinguished from the number of categories or the average of the data.
- relative frequency
- The proportion of observed trials producing a particular outcome, which can differ from a theoretical probability in a limited sample.