HESI A2 flashcards
HESI A2 · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Main idea
- The central point that an entire passage supports; every supporting detail should relate back to it, and it is broader than any single sentence.
- Inference
- A conclusion a reader draws from evidence in the text that is not stated directly; it must be logically supported by details in the passage.
- Author's tone
- The writer's attitude toward the subject, revealed through word choice; it differs from mood, which is the feeling the reader experiences.
- Chronological order
- A text structure that presents events in the order they occurred, usually signaled by words such as first, next, then, and finally.
- Prefix hypo-
- Means under, below, or less than normal; for example, hypoglycemia refers to abnormally low blood glucose levels.
- Suffix -ectomy
- Means surgical removal; appendectomy is the removal of the appendix, and hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus.
- Root word cardi-
- Refers to the heart; it appears in words such as cardiac, cardiology, and cardiomegaly, which means an enlarged heart.
- Affect versus effect
- Affect is usually a verb meaning to influence; effect is usually a noun meaning the result or outcome of something.
- Subject-verb agreement
- A singular subject requires a singular verb and a plural subject requires a plural verb, regardless of interrupting phrases between them.
- Comma splice
- An error that joins two independent clauses with only a comma; it is fixed with a period, a semicolon, or a coordinating conjunction.
- Dangling modifier
- An introductory modifier that fails to clearly describe the subject of the main clause, creating an illogical or confusing sentence.
- Semicolon use
- Joins two closely related independent clauses without a conjunction, and separates items in a list that themselves contain commas.
- Order of operations
- Evaluate parentheses first, then exponents, then multiplication and division left to right, then addition and subtraction left to right.
- Percent change
- Subtract the original value from the new value, divide by the original value, then multiply by 100 to express the change as a percent.
- Dividing fractions
- Multiply the first fraction by the reciprocal of the second; for example, one-half divided by three-fourths equals one-half times four-thirds, or two-thirds.
- Mean, median, mode
- Mean is the sum divided by the count; median is the middle value in ordered data; mode is the value that occurs most often.
- Mitosis versus meiosis
- Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells for growth; meiosis produces four genetically varied haploid gametes for reproduction.
- Osmosis
- The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.
- DNA base pairing
- Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine in DNA; in RNA, adenine pairs with uracil instead of thymine.
- Mitochondria function
- Organelles that convert glucose and oxygen into ATP through cellular respiration, supplying the cell with usable energy for its activities.
- Atomic number
- The number of protons in an atom's nucleus, which determines the element's identity and equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom.
- Ionic versus covalent bonds
- Ionic bonds form when electrons transfer from one atom to another; covalent bonds form when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.
- Molarity
- Moles of solute divided by liters of solution; a 1 M solution contains one mole of dissolved solute in each liter of solution.
- pH scale
- Values below 7 are acidic, 7 is neutral, and above 7 is basic; each whole unit represents a tenfold change in hydrogen ion concentration.
- Path of blood
- Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, then the rest of the body.
- Nephron
- The functional unit of the kidney that filters blood, reabsorbs needed water and nutrients, and secretes wastes to form urine.
- Alveoli
- Tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves, moving by diffusion across very thin walls.
- Insulin
- A hormone released by the pancreas that lowers blood glucose by moving glucose into cells; glucagon acts in the opposite direction.
- Newton's second law
- Force equals mass times acceleration; a net force produces acceleration in the same direction, and greater mass requires more force.
- Kinetic energy
- The energy of motion, calculated as one-half mass times velocity squared, so doubling an object's speed quadruples its kinetic energy.
- Ohm's law
- Voltage equals current times resistance; in a circuit, increasing resistance decreases current when the voltage is held constant.
- Wave speed equation
- Wave speed equals frequency multiplied by wavelength; frequency is measured in hertz and wavelength in meters.