Érettségi Angol flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Not stated option

In true/false/not stated reading tasks, the answer when the text neither confirms nor contradicts the statement. Plausibility from general knowledge does not count as textual support.

Paraphrase distractor rule

Wrong multiple-choice options often copy exact words from the passage in a false relationship, while the correct option restates the idea in different words.

Topic sentence location

In heading-matching tasks, the paragraph's main idea is usually carried by its first or last sentence, so check both before choosing a heading.

Three-sentence window

Scanning technique: after locating a keyword, read the sentence containing it plus the one before and after, because answers usually span that range.

Reference question check

For questions asking what 'this' or 'they' refers to, match the pronoun in number and meaning with the nearest preceding noun phrase.

Gap-fill grammar filter

When choosing from a word list to fill gaps, test each candidate for tense, number and preposition agreement, since distractors often fit the meaning but not the grammar.

Reading time budget

For a 60-minute reading paper with three or four tasks, allow roughly 12-15 minutes per task and keep about 5 minutes for transferring answers.

Two-play listening strategy

The listening text is played twice. Use the first playing to write provisional answers and the second to confirm or correct details such as numbers and names.

Self-correction distractor

A common listening pattern: a speaker mentions a detail then corrects it. The final version, not the first mention, is the answer to record.

Justification requirement

In true/false listening items that ask for justification, a correct T/F mark alone earns no point; the reason must quote or closely paraphrase the recording.

Pre-listening question words

Before the first playing, underline who, when, how much and why in the task, because these question words determine which detail the answer needs.

Spelling dictation items

Names and places in listening tasks are often spelled out letter by letter; write the letters as heard instead of substituting a familiar spelling.

Answer length limit

Listening short-answer items usually require one to four words; a full sentence wastes time and may contain information the examiner marks as inaccurate.

Keep-listening rule

If one listening item is missed, continue immediately, because the answer to the next item comes later and pausing loses both points.

Table completion format

A listening task type where information from the recording fills cells of a table; answers must match the column heading in grammar and word class.

Present perfect markers

Words such as since, for, already, yet, ever and just signal present perfect; yesterday, ago and last week signal past simple.

Third conditional form

If + past perfect, would have + past participle, used for unreal past situations: If I had studied, I would have passed.

Reported speech backshift

When the reporting verb is past, shift the reported tense one step back and adjust pronouns and time words: now becomes then, tomorrow becomes the next day.

Passive formation

Correct form of be plus past participle; the doer is added with 'by' only when relevant, otherwise it is omitted.

Word formation suffixes

Noun suffixes include -ment, -ness, -tion, -ity; adjective suffixes include -ful, -less, -able, -ive; the sentence position shows which is needed.

Used to versus be used to

Used to + infinitive means a past habit; be used to + -ing means being accustomed to something. They are not interchangeable.

Separable phrasal verbs

With verbs like turn off or pick up, an object pronoun goes between verb and particle (turn it off); inseparable verbs such as look after keep the particle after.

Article decision rule

Use a/an for first mention of a singular countable noun, the for shared or previously mentioned referents, and no article for general plurals and abstract nouns.

Writing assessment criteria

Hungarian érettségi writing is scored on communicative achievement covering all content points, organisation, and range and accuracy of vocabulary and grammar.

Formal email closing

Dear Sir or Madam pairs with Yours faithfully; a named recipient (Dear Mr Smith) pairs with Yours sincerely. Both avoid contractions and slang.

Opinion essay structure

Introduction with a clear thesis, body paragraphs with one argument and example each, a counter-argument paragraph, and a conclusion restating the position.

Content point coverage

Each element the prompt requires carries separate marks; omitting a content point costs more than an isolated grammar error, so tick each one off.

Contrast linkers

However, whereas, although and on the other hand introduce contrast; using them correctly raises the organisation score in longer written tasks.

Picture description frame

Speaking structure: state what is in the foreground and background, describe what is happening, then add a personal link or opinion.

Paraphrase instead of stopping

When a word is unknown in the oral exam, describe it (the thing you use for cutting) rather than switching language or falling silent.

Opinion plus reason plus example

Answer frame for examiner questions: state a position, give a reason, then add a personal example, which produces a full, scorable answer.

Speaking pronunciation targets

Final -s and -ed endings, word stress in derived words (PHOtograph versus phoTOgraphy) and sentence stress on key information are the main pronunciation points assessed.