Érettségi Angol key terms

The main overall meaning or central point of a spoken or written text, as opposed to specific details. Questions often ask you to identify it after one listening or a quick first reading.

Reading a text quickly to grasp its general idea or structure, without pausing on every word. Useful before detailed questions so you know where information is located.

Moving your eyes rapidly over a text looking for one specific piece of information, such as a date, name, or number, while ignoring everything else.

A sentence, usually near the start of a paragraph, that states the paragraph's main idea. Recognising it helps you match paragraphs to headings in reading tasks.

A short title that summarises the content of one paragraph. In matching tasks you choose the heading that best captures the paragraph's central idea, not a minor detail.

An important word or short phrase in a question that you look for, or its synonym, in the text. Identifying keywords helps you locate the relevant passage quickly.

Expressing the same meaning with different words. Exam questions rarely repeat the text word for word, so recognising paraphrased ideas is essential for matching answers correctly.

A conclusion you draw from clues in the text rather than from a directly stated fact. Inference questions ask what the writer implies, suggests, or expects the reader to understand.

To suggest something indirectly without stating it openly. When a question asks what the writer implies, the answer is supported by the text but not written there in those exact words.

A task type where you decide whether a statement agrees with the text. The statement is false if the text contradicts it or if the text simply does not contain that information.

A question format offering several options, only one of which is correct. Distractors often repeat words from the text but misrepresent the meaning, so read every option carefully.

An incorrect answer option designed to look attractive, often by reusing vocabulary from the text or stating something partly true. Eliminating distractors improves your chance of choosing correctly.

The writer's or speaker's feeling towards the subject, such as approval, doubt, or amusement. Tone and attitude questions require you to notice word choice and emphasis, not just facts.

Writing brief keywords or symbols while listening so you can answer questions afterwards. Good notes capture names, numbers, reasons, and changes of topic rather than full sentences.

Focusing on specific facts in a recording, such as times, prices, or names, while ignoring less relevant material. It usually follows a quick first listening for the general idea.

A word or phrase that signals the structure of a talk, for example firstly, however, or to sum up. Noticing them helps you predict what information is coming next.

The reason a person is speaking, such as to complain, persuade, apologise, or give instructions. Identifying it helps you choose the right answer in attitude and function questions.

A linking word or phrase such as because, although, or on the other hand that shows the relationship between ideas. In listening, connectors often reveal contrast or a change of plan.

The way sentences and paragraphs are held together by linking devices, pronouns, and repeated ideas so the text reads as a unified whole rather than separate statements.

A pronoun or similar word, such as it, they, this, or the former, that points back or forward to something already mentioned. Understanding references is needed to follow a text's logic.

The grammatical form of a verb that shows when an action happens, for example present, past, or future. Correct tense choice depends on time expressions and the surrounding context.

The way a verb form shows whether an action is ongoing, completed, or repeated, as in the difference between simple and continuous forms. It works together with tense.

A verb describing a state rather than an activity, such as know, belong, or prefer. These verbs are rarely used in continuous forms, which is a common point tested in gap-fill tasks.

A sentence structure expressing a condition and its result, for example if I had known, I would have come. Different types express real, unlikely, or impossible situations.

A helping verb such as can, must, should, or might that expresses ability, obligation, possibility, or permission. Each modal carries a specific meaning, so choosing the right one changes the sentence.

A verb construction where the subject receives the action, formed with be plus a past participle, as in the report was written. It is used when the doer is unknown or unimportant.

Changing a base word into another part of speech, for example deciding whether a gap needs a noun, adjective, or adverb. Suffixes and prefixes are the main clues in these tasks.

A group of letters added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning, such as un-, dis-, or re-. Recognising prefixes helps you form the correct word for a gap.

A group of letters added to the end of a word to change its meaning or part of speech, such as -ment, -ful, or -ly. It usually tells you whether a noun, adjective, or adverb is needed.

A word with a similar meaning to another, such as begin and start. In language tasks you often choose the option closest in meaning to a word in the text or sentence.

A combination of words that naturally go together, such as make a decision or heavy rain. Using the conventional partner word is what makes a phrase sound correct.

A verb combined with an adverb or preposition that creates a new meaning, such as give up or look after. These are frequently tested because the meaning cannot be guessed from the parts.

The level of formality in language, ranging from informal chat to formal writing. Choosing an appropriate register matters in letters and emails, where the reader and purpose set the tone.

How fully a piece of writing answers every part of the instruction, including all required points and the correct reader and purpose. Missing a required content point lowers the score.

A group of sentences about one idea, usually starting on a new line. Clear paragraphing with a topic sentence and supporting details makes writing easier to follow.

The number of words a writing task asks for. Going far below it usually means missing content, while going far above it can waste time and introduce more errors.

An expression such as in addition, however, or as a result that connects ideas between sentences and paragraphs. Used well, it makes an argument flow smoothly.

The ability to speak at a reasonable pace with few long pauses, keeping the message going. It does not mean speaking fast; it means communicating smoothly despite occasional hesitation.

How clearly words are said, including individual sounds, word stress, and intonation. Clear pronunciation matters more in speaking tests than having a perfect accent.

The emphasis placed on one syllable of a word, as in the first syllable of 'record' when it is a noun. Wrong stress can make a word hard for the listener to recognise.

The way speakers alternate in a conversation, knowing when to speak and when to let the other person finish. In a paired speaking test, sharing the interaction fairly is assessed.