EU Boatmaster (Hungary) flashcards

35 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

IALA Region A lateral marks

Entering from seaward, red port-hand marks are left to port and green starboard-hand marks to starboard. Preferred-channel marks show the main channel colour on the topmark. This is the system used on European inland and coastal waters.

Squat formula

Squat s ≈ Cb × V²/100, with V in knots and s in metres. It is doubled in restricted or shallow channels. Reduce speed to control squat and maintain under-keel clearance.

Pivot point

The point about which a vessel turns. With headway it lies about one quarter of the length from the bow; going astern it moves to about one quarter from the stern.

Bank effect

In a narrow channel the bow is pushed away from a nearby bank while the stern is drawn toward it. The effect grows with speed and proximity, so reduce speed when passing close to a bank.

GM and initial stability

GM = KM − KG. A positive GM means the vessel is stable; negative GM causes an angle of loll. GM is reduced by raising weights or by free surface effect in partly filled tanks.

Free surface correction

FSC = i × ρ / Δ, where i is the second moment of area of the free surface. Subdividing a tank into smaller compartments greatly reduces the loss of stability.

Angle of loll

A small heel caused by negative initial GM. Correct it by lowering the centre of gravity first; never shift weight to the high side, which can capsize the vessel.

Head-on meeting signal

Under CEVNI, both vessels alter to starboard and pass port-to-port. A short one-second flash of a white light or one short sound signal confirms the intention.

Overtaking signals

The overtaking vessel signals one short blast to pass to starboard, two short blasts to pass to port. The vessel being overtaken must confirm with the same signal before the manoeuvre begins.

Blue boards meaning

One blue board means the vessel carries dangerous cargo or cannot manoeuvre as required. Two blue boards with a white flashing light mean a pushing convoy unable to manoeuvre; keep well clear.

COLREG overtaking rule

Rule 13: any vessel overtaking any other is the give-way vessel until finally past and clear, regardless of the type or priority of either vessel.

Restricted visibility signal

Rule 35: a power-driven vessel making way sounds one prolonged blast every two minutes. A vessel stopped and not making way sounds two prolonged blasts with a two-second interval.

MAYDAY call structure

Say MAYDAY three times, then this is, vessel name, callsign and MMSI, position, nature of distress, assistance required, persons on board, and over. Use VHF channel 16.

Inland AIS purpose

Inland AIS transmits identity, position, course, speed and convoy status to other traffic and to VTS. It supplements radar and visual lookout but never replaces them.

VHF channel 70

Channel 70 is reserved for Digital Selective Calling only. Voice transmission on channel 70 is prohibited and interferes with distress alerting.

CEVNI sound signals

One short means altering to starboard, two short to port, three short engines going astern, four short cannot manoeuvre. Rapid flashing indicates danger of collision.

Four-stroke diesel cycle

Intake, compression, power and exhaust strokes over two crankshaft revolutions. A six-cylinder engine typically fires at 120-degree intervals, for example 1-5-3-6-2-4.

High cooling water temperature

With normal load, rising cooling water temperature usually means a fouled heat exchanger, a blocked raw-water strainer, or a failed raw-water pump impeller. Check these first.

CO2 engine-room release

Release fixed CO2 only after all personnel are out and the space is sealed, with fuel and ventilation shut down. CO2 is lethal in an occupied space.

Fire classes

A: solids, use water or foam. B: flammable liquids, use foam, CO2 or powder, never a water jet. C: gases, shut off supply. F: cooking oils, use wet chemical.

Man overboard actions

Shout man overboard, throw a lifebuoy, helm to the casualty's side to swing the stern away, mark the position, and recover on the lee side into wind and current.

PASS extinguisher use

Pull the pin, aim at the base of the fire, squeeze the handle, sweep side to side. A 9 kg dry-powder extinguisher discharges in about 10 to 15 seconds.

Beaufort estimate

Wind speed in knots is roughly 2 × (Beaufort number)². F4 is about 11–16 kn, F6 about 22–27 kn, F8 about 34–40 kn (gale).

Rule of twelfths

In a six-hour tide, 1/12 of the range flows in the first hour, 2/12 in the second, 3/12 in the third, then 3/12, 2/12 and 1/12.

Radiation versus advection fog

Radiation fog forms on clear, calm nights over water. Advection fog forms when warm moist air moves over cold water. Both require reducing speed to the visible stopping distance.

MARPOL Annex V garbage

No garbage may be discharged overboard in inland waters. Garbage is segregated and landed ashore, and a garbage record book is required for larger or certified passenger vessels.

Sulphur limit at berth

In EU inland waters and at berth, marine fuel sulphur content is limited to 0.10%. Any fuel changeover must be recorded in the logbook.

Sewage discharge inland

MARPOL Annex IV prohibits sewage discharge in inland waterways. Sewage must be held in a holding tank and pumped out at a reception station, with the record kept.

Polluter pays principle

The polluter bears the cost of pollution damage and clean-up. A master who fails to report a spill commits an offence and may lose the certificate.

CEVNI certificate

The International Certificate for Operators of Pleasure Craft (ICC) is required for pleasure craft on inland waterways. Commercial inland navigation instead requires the boatmaster's certificate under EU Directive 2017/2397.

Manning certificate

States the minimum number and qualifications of crew required for the vessel, based on length, tonnage and route. Sailing short-handed is an offence.

Logbook corrections

Entries are made in ink in chronological order. A correction is made with a single line and initials, never erased, and the log is kept for the period required by national law.

Circadian low

The body's alertness drops around 02:00–06:00 and 14:00–16:00, when the risk of microsleep is highest. Planned rest before night watches reduces this risk.

CPR compression rate

Chest compressions at 100–120 per minute, depth 5–6 cm, with a ratio of 30 compressions to 2 rescue breaths. Use an AED as soon as it is available.

Closed-loop communication

An order is given, repeated back by the receiver, and confirmed by the sender. This prevents misunderstanding of safety-critical instructions on the bridge and in locks.