Hungary KRESZ Category T Theory Exam cheat sheet

KRESZ applies to all road users; a tractor with or without trailer is a motor vehicle and its driver is a driver under the Code.

A person may drive only if physically and mentally fit and not under the influence of alcohol or drugs; 0.00 g/l applies to all drivers in Hungary.

Traffic may only be entered with a vehicle that is roadworthy, registered, insured and whose driver holds the correct category.

Priority rules apply only where signs or signals do not order otherwise; signals of authorised persons override lights, lights override signs, signs override general rules.

A vehicle must not be left in a condition that endangers or obstructs traffic; the driver is responsible for passengers and load.

Agricultural vehicles must be marked as slow-moving vehicles where their design speed is below the general minimum for the road.

Definitions: overtaking = passing a moving vehicle; passing = passing a stationary obstacle or person; both require a clear view and safe gap.

Category T licence permits driving tractors and tractor-drawn trailers/implements within the mass limits set for the category; category B alone does not cover heavy combinations.

Required in the vehicle: driving licence, vehicle registration certificate (forgatókönyv), valid insurance proof and, for trailers, the trailer's own registration document.

A tractor used commercially may also require a transport licence (engedély) and tachograph-related documents where the regulation applies.

Vehicle registration certificate must be carried or kept in the vehicle; a copy is not a substitute unless expressly allowed.

Insurance: mandatory third-party liability (kgfb); a lapsed policy makes the vehicle unroadworthy and driving it is an offence.

Periodic technical inspection (műszaki vizsga) must be valid; an expired inspection invalidates roadworthiness.

Licence must be produced on police request; failure to carry it is an administrative offence even if the driver is licensed.

A police officer may stop a vehicle for control; the driver must stop, keep documents ready and follow instructions.

Traffic offence penalties may include on-the-spot fine (helyszíni bírság), administrative fine, or licence withdrawal for serious or repeat offences.

Driving under the influence is a criminal offence (not merely administrative) above the legal threshold; Hungary applies zero tolerance in practice.

Accident reporting: personal-injury accidents must be reported to police immediately; property-only accidents require exchanging data and, if disputed, calling police.

Vehicle must be presented for technical inspection at the prescribed interval; using an uninspected vehicle can lead to fine and plate withdrawal.

A driver who causes damage must give identity, insurance and registration data to the other party on request.

Administrative decisions may be appealed within the statutory deadline stated in the decision; the appeal does not suspend the obligation to comply unless stated.

Warning signs are triangular with red border; prohibitory signs are circular with red border; mandatory signs are circular blue.

Priority road sign (yellow diamond) gives right of way at junctions until a 'give way' or 'stop' sign or an end-of-priority sign cancels it.

'Stop' sign requires a full stop at the stop line or, if none, at the edge of the crossing road, before entering.

Solid white centre line: do not cross; broken line: may cross if safe; double solid lines: never cross.

A white arrow on the road shows permitted lane direction; a lane marked with a turn arrow must be used for that turn.

A yellow zig-zag or marked area near a pedestrian crossing means no stopping; keep the crossing clear.

Slow-moving vehicle sign (red triangle with reflective border) marks tractors and implements; expect low speed and wide turns.

Authorised person's signals override traffic lights, signs and general rules; obey arm and whistle signals immediately.

Arm raised vertically = stop for all directions; arm extended horizontally toward a direction = that direction is stopped.

Whistle: one long blast means stop; two short blasts may indicate the signal is about to change - follow the officer's arm.

Traffic lights: red = stop before the stop line; amber alone = stop unless stopping would be dangerous; green = proceed if the way is clear.

Flashing amber at a junction means priority rules (signs/right-hand rule) apply instead of lights.

Green arrow in a light means proceed in that direction only after yielding to traffic already lawfully in the junction.

Pedestrian signals: flashing green means finish crossing; do not start crossing on flashing or red.

Drive on the right; keep as far right as safe, especially with a slow tractor, to let faster traffic pass.

Before turning, signal in good time, check mirrors and blind spot, and position in the correct lane; give way to oncoming traffic when turning left.

Overtaking is prohibited at pedestrian crossings, at junctions (unless priority road), on blind bends, crests and where visibility is insufficient.

A slow-moving vehicle must not obstruct traffic: pull over where safe to let following vehicles pass when a queue forms.

Following distance: at least 2 seconds in good conditions; increase for loaded trailers, poor visibility or wet/slippery roads.

When overtaking a tractor with implements, allow extra width and length; implements may swing wide on turns.

Lane change requires mirror check, blind-spot check and signalling; do not force other drivers to brake.

Unmarked junction: give way to traffic approaching from the right (right-hand rule).

At a 'give way' sign, yield to traffic on the priority road; at 'stop', stop first, then yield.

Roundabout: yield to traffic already circulating unless signs indicate otherwise; enter to the right and signal exit.

Turning left across oncoming traffic: yield to oncoming vehicles going straight or turning right.

Pedestrian crossing: yield to pedestrians on or about to enter the crossing; do not overtake a vehicle stopped at a crossing.

Trams have priority over other vehicles where tracks are crossed, unless signs say otherwise.

At a junction, do not enter if you would block it when the light changes or traffic stops.

Built-up area limit 50 km/h; outside built-up areas 90 km/h for cars; motorway 130 km/h - these are general limits, not targets.

Tractors and towed agricultural implements are restricted to lower speeds (typically 25–40 km/h depending on vehicle and combination); drive at a speed that allows stopping within the visible distance.

A vehicle incapable of a minimum speed (e.g. tractor on a motorway-class road) must not use roads where a minimum speed applies.

Reduce speed in rain, fog, snow, at night, on gravel, and when carrying a high or swinging load.

Speed must allow stopping before any foreseeable obstacle: halve speed in wet conditions, more on ice.

Approaching a pedestrian crossing, junction or bend: slow down so you can stop if someone appears.

Towed implements increase braking distance; allow longer gaps and brake earlier.

No stopping within 5 m of a pedestrian crossing, at bus stops, on yellow zig-zag markings, or where signs prohibit.

Parking is prohibited within 5 m of a junction, on the left side of a two-way road (except one-way roads), and where it blocks visibility.

Do not park on pavements, cycle lanes, tram tracks, or in spaces reserved for disabled users without entitlement.

When parking on a slope, apply parking brake and chock wheels if needed; leave in gear for manual transmission.

A tractor with implements must not be left where it obstructs traffic or hides signs; use designated areas or field entrances.

Hazard lights may be used when stopped in an emergency, not as a substitute for legal parking.

At night, a parked vehicle on an unlit road must show parking lights unless it is in a designated parking area.

Headlights must be used at night and in poor visibility (rain, fog, snow); dipped beam when meeting traffic to avoid dazzling.

Rear position lights, brake lights, indicators and reflectors must be functional; a tractor with trailer needs a matched lighting connection.

Fog lights only in fog or heavy rain/snow; do not use rear fog light when following closely.

Slow-moving vehicles must display the slow-vehicle reflective triangle at the rear when required.

Signal every direction change, lane change and turn in good time; cancel after completing the manoeuvre.

Hazard warning lights for breakdown or sudden obstruction; place warning triangle at sufficient distance behind.

Loads or implements must not obscure lights, plates or reflectors; add repeaters if the load covers them.

Check combination length, width, height and axle loads against the registration and road rules before driving.

Coupling must be positive and locked: drawbar, hitch pin, safety chains or brake connection checked before moving.

Trailer brakes and lights must be tested after coupling; a breakaway cable must be attached where required.

Load must be secured against shifting, rolling and falling; use straps, chains and chocks rated for the load.

Do not exceed permitted gross combination mass; overloaded trailers reduce braking and steering control.

Wide or long implements may need marking, escort or permits; project no more than allowed without warning devices.

Distribute load to keep hitch weight correct; too little hitch weight causes sway, too much overloads the tractor rear axle.

Agricultural vehicles may use field tracks and may cross roads; when entering a road, yield to all traffic already on it.

Slow-moving vehicles must keep right and allow queues to pass; pull over at safe places.

Work on or along the road (mowing, spraying, harvesting near the carriageway) requires warning signs, high-visibility clothing and safe spacing.

Do not drive on motorways or roads closed to slow vehicles; use the permitted route.

When escorting or moving wide implements, use warning lights and, where required, an escort vehicle.

Mud or debris left on the road must be removed or signed; slippery deposits are a hazard to other traffic.

Children and passengers on tractors: only in a proper seat; never on implements or drawbars.

Scan far ahead and check mirrors regularly; anticipate hazards from hidden entrances, animals, cyclists and pedestrians.

Keep a space cushion around the vehicle; avoid being boxed in, especially with a long trailer combination.

In an accident: secure the scene, switch on hazard lights, place warning triangle, call 112, do not move injured persons unless in danger.

First aid: check responsiveness and breathing; if not breathing, start chest compressions at 100–120/min and use an AED if available.

Control severe bleeding with direct pressure; keep the injured person warm and still until help arrives.

Do not give food or drink to an injured person; do not remove a helmet unless breathing is obstructed.

Report personal-injury accidents to police; exchange data for property damage and inform insurers.