Hungary KRESZ Category T Theory Exam key terms

Official document proving a vehicle is registered and approved for road use, listing owner, plate and technical data. It must be carried or kept on the vehicle and produced during a roadside check.

Ownership document for a vehicle, separate from the registration certificate. It records the owner and is not normally carried in the vehicle; it is needed for transfer of ownership and administrative procedures.

Mandatory recurring inspection of a vehicle's brakes, steering, lights, emissions and structure. A valid inspection is a condition for lawful participation in traffic; expiry can lead to a fine and withdrawal of the plate.

Letter code on a driving licence showing which vehicle classes the holder may drive, such as B for cars, C for lorries, or T for tractors. Driving outside the held category is an offence.

Driving licence category covering agricultural tractors and self-propelled working machines, with conditions on speed and on whether a trailer may be towed. Rules on minimum age and towing entitlement should be checked in current legislation.

Legally required insurance covering damage a vehicle causes to others. Driving without valid cover is prohibited, and the insurer may recover costs from an uninsured driver.

Maximum permitted speed set by law or by a sign for a road type, vehicle class or specific location. Limits for tractors and vehicles towing trailers are lower than for passenger cars.

Speed chosen so the driver can stop within the visible and clear distance, accounting for load, road surface, weather, visibility and the behaviour of other road users. It may be well below the posted limit.

Gap kept to the vehicle ahead so that sudden braking can be answered without collision. It grows with speed, with vehicle mass and load, and with poor grip or visibility.

Distance a vehicle travels from the moment braking starts until it stops. It increases with the square of speed, and much more for a loaded tractor-trailer combination than for a solo car.

Obligation to let another road user pass before continuing. It is given by slowing, stopping if needed, and moving only when the way is clear, not by assuming the other driver will react.

Place where two or more roads meet or cross. Right-of-way rules, signs and signals decide who proceeds first, and the general priority rules apply when nothing else regulates the situation.

Default rule at junctions without signs or signals: the vehicle coming from the right has priority. It applies to tractors and slow vehicles exactly as to cars and is a common cause of collisions in rural areas.

Circular junction where traffic already on the ring normally has priority, indicated by signs and markings. Drivers enter after yielding, keep to the right on the ring and signal when leaving.

Marked part of the road intended for pedestrians to cross. Drivers must approach at a speed allowing them to stop and must give way to pedestrians on the crossing or clearly about to step onto it.

Pedestrian crossing marked with broad white stripes parallel to the road axis. Its markings warn drivers of a crossing place and interact with the priority rules for pedestrians.

Painted line, arrow or symbol on the road surface regulating position, direction or stopping. Continuous lines may not be crossed; broken lines and arrows guide lane choice and turning.

Road marking separating lanes travelling in the same or opposite directions. A continuous line must not be crossed, while a broken line may be crossed when it is safe and permitted.

Rules on choosing and keeping a lane: drive as far right as practical, keep right on multi-lane roads, and use the correct lane for the intended direction before a junction.

Passing a slower road user travelling in the same direction. It is allowed only where visibility, markings and signs permit, and never where it would endanger others; slow tractors are frequent overtaking subjects.

Lights showing an intended change of direction or lane. They must be given in good time, clearly, and cancelled afterwards; on tractors and implements they may be partly obscured by equipment.

Required use of headlights, position lights and rear lights according to visibility, time of day and road type. Working lights and a visible rear marker are essential for slow or wide agricultural combinations.

How far and how clearly a driver can see and be seen, affected by weather, darkness, dust, crops and vehicle lighting. Reduced visibility requires lower speed and often additional lights.

Deliberate halt of a vehicle for a short time, for example to load or to let a passenger out. It is subject to restrictions on where stopping is prohibited and on how the vehicle is left.

Leaving a vehicle in place for longer than needed for a short halt. Parking is restricted near junctions, crossings, bus stops and where signs forbid it, and the vehicle must not endanger or obstruct others.

Rule or sign forbidding any halt, even briefly, on a stretch of road. It protects visibility at junctions, crossings and bends and keeps clearways and bus stops usable.

Motor vehicle designed mainly for agricultural work, with limited design speed and special rules on dimensions, lighting, towing and driving licence. It may tow trailers and implements under defined conditions.

Vehicle travelling well below the general traffic speed, such as a tractor or a machine convoy. It must keep as far right as possible and may be marked with a warning sign visible to faster traffic.

Vehicle without its own engine towed by a motor vehicle. Its mass, braking, coupling and lighting must meet rules, and the towing vehicle must be approved and powerful enough for it.

Mechanical device connecting a trailer to the towing vehicle. It must be the correct type and rating, properly locked with a safety connection, and checked before each trip.

Use of straps, ropes, nets or the vehicle's own structure to stop a load sliding, tipping, rolling or falling off. It must hold during braking, cornering and on uneven ground.

Loading a vehicle or trailer beyond its permitted total mass, axle load or volume. It impairs braking and steering, damages the road and is an offence even when the vehicle still moves.

Maximum permitted width, height and length of a vehicle or combination. Exceeding it requires special permission, marking and often an escort, and affects which roads and bridges may be used.

Load extending beyond the front, rear or sides of the vehicle. It must be marked with warning panels or flags and kept within legal limits so it does not strike people, vehicles or roadside objects.

Load that can move or swing during travel, for example a suspended implement or loose bale. It changes the vehicle's centre of gravity and can cause loss of control or a rollover.

Work on or beside the road, marked by signs, cones and temporary markings. Drivers must reduce speed, follow temporary directions and give workers and machinery a wide berth.

Hand and arm signals from police or authorised flagmen that override signs, markings and traffic lights. Drivers must obey them immediately, stopping or proceeding exactly as indicated.

Coloured light controlling traffic at junctions, crossings or roadworks. Red means stop, green permits movement only if the way is clear, and a flashing signal has its own defined meaning.

Reading the road ahead to spot risks early, such as a hidden junction, a cyclist in a blind spot, livestock or a slippery field entrance, and adjusting speed and position before a reaction is needed.

First actions after a collision: stop, switch on hazard lights, place a warning triangle, warn approaching traffic and call emergency services. Protecting the scene prevents further collisions before first aid begins.

Immediate help given to an injured person before professional care arrives: checking breathing, stopping bleeding, keeping the person warm and not moving them unnecessarily unless there is danger.