Hazard perception, accident prevention and first aid basics
Reading hazards
Scan far ahead and check mirrors often. Anticipate cars overtaking a slow tractor, cyclists at the edge, pedestrians behind parked vehicles and vehicles emerging from fields. A loaded trailer can sway, so ease off the accelerator rather than braking hard. Wet mud, loose gravel and sloping verges reduce grip. Fatigue, phone use and alcohol are major causes of tractor accidents.
Preventing an accident
Check the hitch, lights, brakes and load before moving. Keep the PTO and hydraulics guarded and switched off during road travel. Use high-visibility clothing when working near traffic. Leave a safe gap and do not wave others into danger.
At the scene
Stop, switch off the engine, apply the brake and warn traffic with hazard lights and a warning triangle where safe. Call 112 for injury or danger. Do not move an injured person unless there is immediate danger such as fire. Control severe bleeding with direct pressure. If the person is unconscious and breathing, use the recovery position; if not breathing, start CPR. Do not remove a motorcycle helmet unless trained and it is necessary.
Worked example
A tractor-trailer starts to jackknife on a wet road. Reasoning: brake progressively, steer gently and avoid sudden correction. After stopping, secure the scene, check for injuries and call 112 if needed. Do not stand between the tractor and trailer.
Traps
Moving an injured rider; standing in the carriageway without warning; forgetting to shut off the PTO; and braking hard when a trailer begins to sway.