ICC S2 Welding flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Effective throat of fillet weld
- The shortest distance from the root of a fillet weld to its face; for equal-leg 90-degree fillets it equals 0.707 times the leg size.
- Undercut acceptance limit
- Under AWS D1.1, for base metal less than 1 inch thick, undercut shall not exceed 1/32 inch in depth; deeper undercut is rejectable.
- Weld reinforcement limit
- For butt joints in D1.1, reinforcement shall not exceed 1/8 inch for welds subject to static load; excessive crown requires removal.
- Fillet weld minimum size
- The minimum fillet weld leg size is set by the thickness of the thicker part joined, per D1.1 Table 5.8, to prevent cracking.
- Discontinuity versus defect
- A discontinuity is any interruption in the weld; a defect is a discontinuity that exceeds acceptance criteria and must be repaired or rejected.
- WPS and PQR relationship
- The WPS is the written procedure used in production; the PQR is the test record that qualified it, and the WPS must be supported by a qualified PQR.
- Essential variable change
- A change in an essential variable, such as filler metal classification or current polarity, requires requalification of the welding procedure.
- Heat input formula
- Heat input in kJ/in equals voltage times amperage times 60, divided by travel speed in inches per minute.
- Prequalified joint details
- AWS D1.1 Table 3.1 lists prequalified joint details that may be used with prequalified WPS without procedure qualification testing.
- Low-hydrogen electrode storage
- E7018 electrodes require dry storage and handling to prevent moisture pickup, which can cause hydrogen-induced cracking in welds.
- Groove weld bend test
- Procedure qualification for groove welds uses guided bend specimens, including root and face bends, to evaluate ductility and soundness.
- Welder versus procedure qualification
- Welder performance qualification tests the individual's ability; procedure qualification tests the WPS; both are required before production welding.
- Groove covers fillet
- A welder qualified on a groove weld test is also qualified for fillet welds; a fillet-only qualification does not cover groove welds.
- 3G and 4G positions
- 3G is vertical groove welding and 4G is overhead groove welding; these positions are common welder qualification test positions.
- Six-month lapse rule
- A welder who has not welded with a qualified process for six months or more must requalify before resuming production welding.
- Process-specific qualification
- A welder qualified with one process, such as SMAW, is not qualified for another process, such as FCAW, without separate qualification testing.
- Welder qualification record
- The record must identify the welder, process, position, test coupon, and test results, and is retained as evidence of qualification.
- Ultrasonic testing purpose
- UT detects internal discontinuities and is commonly required for complete-joint-penetration groove welds under AWS D1.1 Clause 6.
- Radiographic testing limitation
- RT reveals internal volumetric discontinuities but is less effective for planar defects oriented parallel to the radiation beam.
- Magnetic particle testing scope
- MT detects surface and near-surface discontinuities in ferromagnetic materials only; it does not apply to austenitic stainless steel.
- Penetrant testing scope
- PT detects surface-breaking discontinuities in nonporous materials; it cannot detect internal defects or defects in porous surfaces.
- Visual inspection precedence
- Visual inspection is the most common method and must precede other NDE; the surface must be clean and free of slag and spatter.
- NDE personnel qualification
- NDE personnel should be qualified to a recognized standard such as ASNT SNT-TC-1A and certified for the method and level performed.
- UT acceptance criteria
- D1.1 UT acceptance is based on discontinuity length and amplitude relative to reference standards; rejectable indications must be repaired.
- A325 versus A490
- A325 and A490 are common high-strength structural bolts; A490 is heat-treated and has higher tensile strength than A325.
- Turn-of-nut pretensioning
- The nut is tightened a specified fraction of a turn beyond snug-tight, based on bolt length and diameter, to achieve pretension.
- Calibrated wrench method
- A torque wrench is calibrated daily and for each bolt size and condition to tighten bolts to the required pretension.
- Direct-tension indicator
- A DTI has bumps that compress during tightening; the remaining gap is measured with a feeler gauge to verify pretension.
- Snug-tight condition
- Snug-tight is the condition where the plies are in firm contact; it is the required condition for bearing-type connections in many cases.
- Slip-critical connection
- A slip-critical connection requires pretensioned bolts; the slip coefficient depends on the faying surface condition, such as clean mill scale.
- Hole type effect
- Standard, oversized, short-slotted, and long-slotted holes affect connection design and may require different bolt pretensioning requirements.
- Bolted connection inspection
- Inspection verifies bolt grade, length, hole size, washer use, and the tightening method and verification, including the required pretension.