CS Professional - Drafting, Pleadings & Appearances study guide
CS Professional - Drafting, Pleadings & Appearances · Work through your exam, one topic at a time.
Drafting, Pleadings & Appearances is a paper within the ICSI CS Professional Programme, the second stage of the Company Secretary qualification in India. It suits candidates who have cleared the Executive Programme and are moving toward membership, and it rewards people who intend to work at the intersection of corporate law and litigation support - drafting board documents one day and assisting with a petition or an appearance before a tribunal the next. The CS Professional - Drafting, Pleadings & Appearances study guide has 9 sections and about 3,201 words.
01Drafting - General Principles
Drafting - General Principles tests whether instructions can be converted into an enforceable text that a court, tribunal or regulator can construe without evidence of intention. The examiner looks for structure, consistent defined terms, correct auxiliary verbs and clear operative provisions.
313 words, about 2 min02Deeds and Instruments
Deeds and Instruments tests the formalities that make a document legally effective: execution, stamping, attestation and registration. A deed is a written instrument by which an interest, right or obligation is created or confirmed; historically it was signed, sealed and delivered, but in India a seal is not essential for every deed.
374 words, about 2 min03Drafting of Company Law Documents
Drafting of Company Law Documents tests the Companies Act 2013 framework: charter documents, board and shareholder resolutions, statutory notices, minutes, share certificates, charge documents and reports. The examiner expects correct section references, prescribed forms and filing timelines.
372 words, about 2 min04Notices, Resolutions and Minutes
Notices, Resolutions and Minutes tests meeting documentation. The focus is on statutory notice periods, contents, quorum, resolution types and the accuracy of minutes as a permanent record.
377 words, about 2 min05Drafting of Commercial, Contractual and Business Documents
Drafting of Commercial, Contractual and Business Documents tests whether you can build an enforceable commercial bargain. The Indian Contract Act 1872 supplies the framework: offer, acceptance, lawful consideration, capacity, free consent and lawful object under Section 10, with void agreements in Sections 24 to 30.
381 words, about 2 min06Pleadings - Civil and Criminal
Pleadings - Civil and Criminal tests the documents that define the issues. Under Order VI Rule 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure 1908, ‘pleading’ means a plaint or written statement.
362 words, about 2 min07Appearances - Court, Tribunal and Quasi-Judicial Forums
Appearances - Court, Tribunal and Quasi-Judicial Forums tests authority to appear, preparation and conduct before adjudicatory bodies. A company secretary may appear where a statute permits an authorised representative, for example Section 432 of the Companies Act 2013 before the National Company Law Tribunal.
335 words, about 2 min08Conveyancing, Agreements and Miscellaneous Legal Drafting
Conveyancing, Agreements and Miscellaneous Legal Drafting tests the transfer and creation of interests in property, and the drafting of allied instruments such as wills, trusts and powers of attorney. Sale deed: Section 54 of the Transfer of Property Act 1882 requires registration for tangible immovable property worth ₹100 or more; the deed should contain title recitals, consideration, receipt, covenant of title, possession and schedule.
351 words, about 2 min09Professional Ethics, Advocacy Skills and Practical Procedure
Professional Ethics, Advocacy Skills and Practical Procedure tests the standards of the Company Secretaries Act 1980 and the practical conduct of a case. Ethics is not a separate subject from advocacy; it governs how a representative prepares, advises and appears.
336 words, about 2 min