OSCE Profesi Ners flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Informed consent elements

Valid consent requires capacity, voluntariness, disclosure of the nature of the procedure, risks, benefits, alternatives, and the right to refuse. The provider obtains consent; the nurse witnesses and verifies understanding.

Negligence four elements

The plaintiff must prove duty of care existed, the nurse breached the standard of care, that breach caused the injury, and actual damages occurred. All four are required for liability.

Mandatory confidentiality exceptions

Confidentiality may be breached for statutory reporting such as communicable disease, abuse, or gunshot wounds, for a valid court order, or when there is imminent serious harm to the patient or others.

GCS scoring range

The Glasgow Coma Scale sums eye opening (1-4), verbal response (1-5), and motor response (1-6), giving a range of 3 to 15. A score of 8 or less raises concern about airway protection.

qSOFA criteria

One point each for respiratory rate 22/min or higher, systolic blood pressure 100 mmHg or lower, and altered mentation. Two or more points in suspected infection flag high mortality risk and prompt escalation.

MAP calculation

Mean arterial pressure equals diastolic pressure plus one third of the pulse pressure, or (systolic + 2 x diastolic) divided by 3. A value below 65 mmHg suggests inadequate organ perfusion.

Airborne precautions indications

Used for tuberculosis, measles, and varicella. Requires a negative-pressure room when available and a fit-tested N95 or FFP2 respirator for staff entering the room.

Hand hygiene with soap and water

Required when hands are visibly soiled, after contact with body fluids, and for spore-forming organisms such as Clostridioides difficile, because alcohol rub does not reliably kill spores.

Sterile field contamination

A sterile field is contaminated when anything below waist level, out of direct view, or touched by a non-sterile object enters it. The outer 2.5 cm border of a sterile drape is non-sterile.

Pressure injury stage 3

Full-thickness loss of skin extending into subcutaneous fat, but not through underlying fascia. Bone, tendon, and muscle are not visible, though undermining and tunneling may be present.

Braden scale purpose

Scores six subscales: sensory perception, moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition, and friction/shear. Lower scores indicate higher pressure injury risk and trigger prevention bundles.

Surgical time-out components

Occurs before incision with the whole team present. Confirms patient identity, procedure, site and side, consent, allergies, antibiotic prophylaxis, imaging availability, and any equipment concerns.

30-degree lateral tilt

A positioning technique that turns the patient about 30 degrees from supine using pillows or wedges. It reduces pressure and shear over the sacrum and trochanters compared with full side-lying.

Suctioning pass duration

Each suction pass should last no more than 10 to 15 seconds, with pre-oxygenation before and recovery time between passes to prevent hypoxemia, atelectasis, and vagal bradycardia.

Nasal cannula oxygen estimate

At 1 to 6 liters per minute, nasal cannula delivers roughly 24 to 44 percent inspired oxygen. Flow above 6 liters per minute does not reliably increase FiO2 and dries the mucosa.

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

An immune reaction causing a platelet drop of more than 50 percent or new thrombosis, typically 5 to 14 days after heparin exposure. Stop all heparin and avoid platelet transfusions.

Insulin onset and peak

Rapid-acting analogs such as lispro and aspart peak in 1 to 2 hours. Regular insulin peaks in 2 to 4 hours and NPH in 4 to 12 hours. Glargine is a peakless basal insulin.

Anaphylaxis epinephrine dose

Give 0.3 to 0.5 mg of 1:1000 epinephrine intramuscularly into the anterolateral thigh, repeat every 5 to 15 minutes as needed, and support airway, breathing, and circulation.

Digoxin toxicity signs

Nausea, anorexia, confusion, and visual disturbances such as yellow-green halos, often with bradycardia or new arrhythmia. Risk rises with hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and renal impairment.

DKA potassium replacement rule

If potassium is below 3.3 mmol/L, replace potassium and hold insulin until it rises, because insulin drives potassium intracellularly and can precipitate fatal arrhythmia.

Heart failure weight gain trigger

Report a weight gain of more than 2 kg in 3 days or more than 2.5 kg in a week, along with worsening dyspnea, orthopnea, or edema, as these suggest fluid overload.

Late decelerations meaning

Decelerations that begin after the peak of a contraction and recover after it ends. They suggest uteroplacental insufficiency and require repositioning, oxygen, and stopping oxytocin.

Magnesium sulfate toxicity signs

Loss of deep tendon reflexes, respiratory rate below 12 per minute, and urine output below 30 mL per hour. Stop the infusion and give calcium gluconate as the antidote.

Postpartum hemorrhage first cause

Uterine atony is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage. The first action is fundal massage plus uterotonics and rapid assessment of bleeding and vital signs.

APGAR components

Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration, each scored 0 to 2 at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. Scores of 7 or higher are generally reassuring.

Pediatric dehydration signs

Sunken fontanel, decreased skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, reduced urine output, tachycardia, and lethargy. Oral rehydration solution is first-line for mild to moderate cases.

Kawasaki disease treatment

Fever for 5 days or more with conjunctivitis, rash, mucosal changes, cervical lymphadenopathy, or extremity changes. Give intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin to prevent coronary aneurysm.

Serotonin syndrome features

Agitation, confusion, hyperreflexia, clonus, tremor, hyperthermia, and autonomic instability after serotonergic drugs. Stop the offending agents and provide urgent supportive care.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A life-threatening reaction to antipsychotics with lead-pipe rigidity, high fever, autonomic instability, altered consciousness, and elevated creatine kinase. Stop the drug and treat emergently.

Alcohol withdrawal management

Use a validated scale such as CIWA-Ar to guide benzodiazepine dosing, monitor for seizures and delirium tremens, and give thiamine before glucose in patients at risk of deficiency.

High-quality chest compressions

Compress at 100 to 120 per minute to a depth of 5 to 6 cm, allow full chest recoil, minimize interruptions to under 10 seconds, and rotate the compressor every 2 minutes.

START triage categories

Immediate (red) needs life-saving intervention now, delayed (yellow) can wait, minor (green) can walk, and expectant or deceased (black) has unsurvivable or absent vital signs.

SBAR handoff structure

Situation states the current problem, Background gives relevant history, Assessment gives the nurse's clinical interpretation, and Recommendation states the specific action requested.