UKOM Sp.Ok flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

SMK3

Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja - a systematic occupational safety and health management system required by PP No. 50/2012 for workplaces with 100 or more workers or high hazard potential, audited and certified.

NAB

Nilai Ambang Batas - the Indonesian occupational exposure limit set by Permenaker No. 13/2011 for chemical and physical hazards in workplace air, used to determine compliance and control needs.

TLV-TWA

Threshold Limit Value–Time-Weighted Average: the average airborne concentration of a substance over an 8-hour workday and 40-hour week to which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed without adverse health effects.

TWA formula

Time-weighted average = sum of (concentration × exposure duration in hours) divided by 8 hours; compared with the TLV-TWA to assess compliance for variable exposures across a shift.

Biological Exposure Index

BEI: a reference value for a chemical or its metabolite measured in blood, urine, or exhaled air, indicating exposure comparable to inhalation at the TLV; used in biological monitoring.

Risk assessment formula

Risk = probability of occurrence × severity of consequence; results are plotted on a risk matrix to classify risk as low, medium, high, or extreme and prioritize controls.

NIOSH lifting equation

Recommended weight limit = load constant × horizontal, vertical, distance, asymmetry, frequency, and coupling multipliers; lifting index above 1.0 indicates increased risk of low back injury.

Circadian trough

The period of lowest alertness and core body temperature, typically 03:00–05:00; night shift workers show increased error rates and accident risk during this window.

Forward rotation shift

A shift schedule rotating morning → afternoon → night, which aligns better with the natural circadian phase delay and reduces sleep disruption compared with backward rotation.

WBGT index

Wet Bulb Globe Temperature: a heat stress index combining dry-bulb, natural wet-bulb, and globe temperatures, used to set work-rest schedules and fluid replacement in hot workplaces.

Needlestick PEP

Post-exposure prophylaxis after percutaneous injury: wash the wound, report immediately, assess source status, and start HIV PEP within 2 hours (maximum 72 hours); give HBIG and vaccine if non-immune.

Leptospirosis

A zoonotic bacterial infection transmitted by rat urine contaminating water and soil, affecting rice farmers, sewer workers, and miners; prevented by boots, gloves, and doxycycline prophylaxis.

Brucellosis

A zoonotic bacterial disease from contact with infected livestock or animal products, affecting farmers, veterinarians, and abattoir workers; presents as undulant fever, sweats, and joint pain.

Silicosis

A pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of crystalline silica dust in mining, construction, and foundry work; presents with nodules on chest X-ray and progressive fibrosis after years of exposure.

Occupational asthma

Variable airflow obstruction caused by workplace sensitizers such as isocyanates, flour dust, or latex; diagnosed by peak flow monitoring at and away from work and specific IgE testing.

Byssinosis

A respiratory disease from cotton dust exposure in textile workers, characterized by Monday-morning chest tightness and reversible airflow obstruction; prevented by dust control and exposure limits.

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Median nerve compression at the wrist from repetitive flexion, force, and vibration; causes nocturnal numbness, tingling, and thenar atrophy, confirmed by nerve conduction study.

Noise notch

A characteristic dip in the audiogram at 4 kHz seen in noise-induced hearing loss; the loss is sensorineural and irreversible, so prevention relies on noise control and hearing protection.

IARC Group 1

Agents classified as carcinogenic to humans, including asbestos, benzene, silica, and ionizing radiation; exposure requires strict control and long-term medical surveillance.

Mesothelioma

A malignant tumor of the pleura or peritoneum caused by asbestos exposure, with a latency of 15–40 years; it is a marker occupational cancer with poor prognosis.

Lead biomarkers

Blood lead level is the primary biomarker of recent exposure; effects include anemia, hypertension, peripheral neuropathy, and encephalopathy; Permenaker 13/2011 sets biological limits.

Reproductive hazard

An agent that adversely affects fertility, pregnancy, or fetal development, such as ionizing radiation, lead, mercury, and organic solvents; risk assessment must cover both male and female workers.

Fitness-for-work categories

Fit, fit with restrictions, temporarily unfit, and permanently unfit; the decision compares job demands with worker capacity and is communicated to the employer without disclosing diagnosis.

Medical surveillance

A program of periodic health examinations for workers exposed to specific hazards such as noise, dust, chemicals, or radiation, mandated by Permenaker 13/2011 and 3/1982.

Return-to-work plan

A staged rehabilitation program with modified duties, workplace accommodation, and coordination among the occupational physician, employer, and treating clinician to restore work capacity safely.

Hierarchy of controls

The order of hazard control effectiveness: elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment, which is the least effective and last resort.

Local exhaust ventilation

An engineering control that captures airborne contaminants at the source using hoods, ducts, and fans; effectiveness depends on capture velocity and requires regular airflow testing.

N95 fit testing

A quantitative or qualitative test verifying that an N95 filtering facepiece seals to the wearer's face; required before first use and annually, and whenever facial features change.

Hearing conservation program

A program for workplaces with noise above 85 dB(A), including noise monitoring, hearing protection, audiometric testing, training, and record keeping to prevent noise-induced hearing loss.

RACE fire response

Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Evacuate/Extinguish - the sequence for responding to a workplace fire; staff should evacuate to the assembly point and never re-enter until cleared.

START triage

Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment: a mass casualty method that assesses respiration, perfusion, and mental status to tag victims as immediate, delayed, minor, or deceased.

Standardized mortality ratio

SMR = observed deaths divided by expected deaths × 100; a value above 100 indicates excess mortality in the workforce compared with the reference population.