Irish Verbal Reasoning flashcards
Irish Verbal Reasoning · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Syllogism
- A form of deductive reasoning with two premises and a conclusion. Validity depends on logical form, not on the actual truth of the premises.
- Contrapositive
- The statement formed by swapping and negating both parts of a conditional: 'If P then Q' becomes 'If not Q then not P'. It is logically equivalent to the original.
- Converse
- The statement formed by swapping the hypothesis and conclusion of a conditional: 'If P then Q' becomes 'If Q then P'. It is not logically equivalent to the original.
- Distributed term
- A term that refers to all members of its class in a categorical statement. In a valid syllogism, a term distributed in the conclusion must be distributed in a premise.
- Necessary assumption
- An unstated premise required for an argument's conclusion to follow. Negating it makes the argument invalid, which is a test for identifying it.
- Sufficient assumption
- An unstated premise that, if added to the argument, guarantees the conclusion. It strengthens the argument enough to make the conclusion follow.
- Analogy relationship
- The specific connection between two words, such as part-to-whole, cause-effect, synonym, or function. Identifying it precisely is key to choosing the correct pair.
- Context clue
- Information in a sentence that hints at a word's meaning, including definitions, examples, contrasts, and cause-effect signals.
- Logical deduction puzzle
- A problem where you must arrange or match entities using given constraints. Listing entities and eliminating possibilities systematically leads to the solution.
- Weaken an argument
- To introduce evidence that makes the conclusion less likely to follow from the premises, often by showing an alternative cause or a flawed link.
- Strengthen an argument
- To provide evidence that makes the conclusion more likely to follow from the premises, often by confirming the link between evidence and conclusion.
- Inference
- A conclusion drawn from evidence and reasoning. In verbal reasoning, it must be supported by the passage, not merely plausible.
- Main conclusion
- The primary claim an argument is trying to establish. It is supported by the other statements, which serve as premises or evidence.
- Premise
- A statement offered as evidence or reason in an argument. Premises support the conclusion but are not themselves the claim being argued for.
- Either/or fallacy
- A reasoning error that assumes only two alternatives exist when more are possible. Also called a false dilemma.
- Circular reasoning
- An argument that assumes the conclusion in its premises, providing no independent support for the claim.
- 90° clockwise rotation
- A turn that moves the top edge of a figure to the right side. The figure's orientation changes accordingly.
- 90° counterclockwise rotation
- A turn that moves the top edge of a figure to the left side. The figure's orientation changes accordingly.
- Vertical reflection
- A mirror image across a vertical line, which swaps left and right while keeping top and bottom unchanged.
- Horizontal reflection
- A mirror image across a horizontal line, which swaps top and bottom while keeping left and right unchanged.
- Cube net
- A 2D arrangement of six squares that folds into a cube. Opposite faces are separated by exactly one face in a straight line.
- Rotational symmetry order
- The number of times a shape maps onto itself during a full 360° rotation. For example, a square has rotational symmetry of order 4.
- Line of symmetry
- A line that divides a figure into two mirror-image halves. A figure may have zero, one, or multiple lines of symmetry.
- Alternating sequence
- A pattern in which two or more rules alternate, such as adding 2, then multiplying by 3, then repeating.
- Odd one out
- A figure that differs from the others by a specific feature, such as number of sides, symmetry, or shading. Identifying the shared feature is key.
- Matrix reasoning
- A problem presented as a grid where a rule applies across rows or down columns. The missing cell is found by applying the consistent transformation.
- Figure series
- A sequence of images that change according to a rule, such as rotation, addition of elements, or alternation. The next image follows the same rule.
- Paper folding
- A spatial task where a sheet is folded, holes are punched, and the unfolded pattern must be determined by reversing the folds.
- Paper punching
- A spatial task where holes are punched in folded paper; unfolding reveals a symmetrical pattern of holes across the fold lines.
- 3D cube rotation
- Mentally turning a cube to match a given view. Tracking which faces are adjacent and opposite helps identify the correct orientation.
- Hidden shape
- A simple shape embedded within a more complex figure. Finding it requires ignoring distracting lines and focusing on outlines.
- Shape composition
- Combining two or more simple shapes to form a larger figure. The resulting outline must match the given pieces exactly.