Operating Practices and Load Control
Operating-practice questions probe smooth, controlled movement and awareness of dynamic effects. Know that the operator must verify the load weight and rigging before lifting, perform a trial lift to confirm stability and brake function, and keep the load as low as practical while moving. Understand that swinging, booming down, and sudden stops create dynamic loads that can exceed static chart values, and that side loading the boom is prohibited.
Key concepts include avoiding rapid swing starts and stops, controlling load swing with tag lines, keeping the load within the rated quadrant, and understanding that wind acts on both the load and the boom. Know the meaning of two-blocking and the function of the anti-two-block device, and that the operator must not disable or override safety devices. Multi-crane lifts require a plan and a designated director.
Traps: assuming a slow lift is always safe regardless of radius; forgetting that booming down increases radius and reduces capacity; using the hoist to drag or side-pull a load; and overriding limit devices to "finish the lift." Questions also test that the operator has the authority-and duty-to stop an unsafe lift.
Rule of thumb: keep the load low, the swing slow, and the radius short. Any operation that increases radius or adds dynamic load must be re-checked against the chart.
Worked example: a load is at 45 ft radius and near capacity. Booming down to place it moves the radius to 55 ft. The operator must re-check capacity at 55 ft before proceeding-or reposition the crane instead.