Shampooing, Conditioning and Scalp Treatments
What the exam tests
This domain covers cleansing chemistry, massage, conditioning technology and scalp treatment selection. It tests whether you can match products and technique to hair and scalp needs without making medical claims.
Core rules
- Shampoo surfactants lift oil and debris; concentration and pH affect colour retention and scalp comfort. Use lukewarm water, dilute or choose mild products for dry scalps and rinse thoroughly.
- Double cleanse when product build-up is heavy: the first wash removes surface debris, the second allows massage and even distribution.
- Apply conditioner mainly to mid-lengths and ends unless the product is designed for scalp application. Rinse cool to help close the cuticle and improve shine.
- Massage with pads of the fingers, not nails, and avoid vigorous massage on inflamed, broken or recently chemically treated scalps.
- Distinguish cosmetic scalp products from medicated treatments; medicated products require appropriate advice and should not be presented as cures.
- Maintain client comfort, correct basin height and wrist posture, and record products used.
Worked example
A client has an oily scalp, dry ends and fine hair. Reasoning: use a mild clarifying shampoo on the scalp, condition mid-lengths and ends only, and avoid heavy oils on the roots. A scalp mask may be appropriate if the scalp is dry, but not if it is oily and congested. Recommend washing frequency that suits scalp comfort rather than a fixed rule.
Traps that cost marks
- Using very hot water, which increases discomfort and colour fading.
- Applying rich conditioner to fine roots and causing collapse.
- Massaging an inflamed scalp or using nails.
- Promising that a cosmetic scalp tonic will treat a medical condition.