I85PREP
⌘ K
LCA Graphics and Construction Studies study materials
LCA Graphics and Construction Studies study resources

LCA Graphics and Construction Studies practice questions

One question at a time. Build your LCA Graphics and Construction Studies understanding.

First 50 of 200 questions. Each one lists the choices, the correct answer, and an explanation. The checker at the top of this page saves progress in this browser when it is available.

Continue in the practice tool above to load more questions, 50 at a time.

Question 1Graphics and Communication

In technical drawing, which line type is used to represent the visible outline of a building element?

  1. Continuous thin line
  2. Continuous thick line Correct answer.
  3. Dashed thin line
  4. Chain thin line

Explanation

Visible outlines are drawn with continuous thick lines so that the actual shape of the object reads immediately from the drawing. Thin continuous lines are reserved for dimension, extension and hatching work, while dashed and chain lines convey hidden and centre information.

Question 2Graphics and Communication

A drawing is produced at a scale of 1:50. A wall measures 84 mm on the drawing. What is the real length of the wall in metres?

  1. 0.42 m
  2. 1.68 m
  3. 8.40 m
  4. 4.20 m Correct answer.

Explanation

A scale of 1:50 means one unit on the drawing represents fifty of the same units in reality, so 84 mm is multiplied by 50 to give 4200 mm, which is 4.20 m. Converting millimetres to metres before or after multiplying gives the same result.

Question 3Graphics and Communication

Which drawing convention indicates the direction from which a section view is taken?

  1. A heavy chain line with arrows at the ends and identifying letters Correct answer.
  2. A dashed line with a single arrowhead
  3. A double-dashed line with cross-hatching
  4. A continuous thin line with a filled dot

Explanation

Cutting plane lines are drawn as heavy chain lines with arrows showing the viewing direction and letters that link to the labelled section view. The arrows and letters together tell the reader which way the cut is viewed and where the resulting section is drawn.

Question 4Graphics and Communication

On a site plan, a symbol shows a downward slope with a gradient annotated as 1:12. Which statement correctly interprets this annotation?

  1. For every 12 units travelled horizontally, the surface falls 1 unit vertically Correct answer.
  2. The surface falls 12 units for every 1 unit travelled horizontally
  3. The slope rises 12 units for every 1 unit of fall
  4. For every 1 unit travelled horizontally, the surface rises 12 units vertically

Explanation

A gradient written as 1:12 expresses vertical fall first and horizontal run second, so one unit of fall occurs over twelve units of horizontal distance. This is a shallow fall suitable for drainage falls and ramps rather than a steep incline.

Question 5Graphics and Communication

A floor plan shows a room 4200 mm wide by 3600 mm deep at 1:100. What is the area of the room on the drawing in square millimetres?

  1. 151 200 mm²
  2. 15 120 mm²
  3. 1512 mm² Correct answer.
  4. 1 512 000 mm²

Explanation

At 1:100 each real dimension is divided by 100, giving 42 mm by 36 mm on the sheet. Multiplying these drawing dimensions gives 1512 mm², which is the drawn area, not the real area.

Question 6Graphics and Communication

Which orthographic projection arrangement places the plan directly below the front elevation?

  1. Isometric projection
  2. Third angle projection
  3. First angle projection Correct answer.
  4. Axonometric projection

Explanation

In first angle projection the object sits between the observer and the plane of projection, so the plan appears below the front elevation and the end view appears on the far side. This arrangement is common in European and Australasian drawing practice.

Question 7Graphics and Communication

A drawing title block records a revision as 'Rev C'. What is the main purpose of revision control in construction documentation?

  1. To trace which version of a drawing is current and what changed between issues Correct answer.
  2. To record the name of the drafter who first created the sheet
  3. To indicate the scale at which the drawing must be printed
  4. To show the structural loading assumed in the design

Explanation

Revision control lets everyone on a project identify the current issue and understand what altered from earlier versions. This prevents construction from proceeding on superseded information and supports an audit trail of design changes.

Question 8Graphics and Communication

A drawing uses a north point symbol rotated so the arrow points to the lower right of the sheet. What does this symbol communicate?

  1. The orientation of the building relative to true north Correct answer.
  2. The direction of surface water drainage
  3. The location of the main site entrance
  4. The direction of prevailing wind at the site

Explanation

A north point establishes orientation by showing where true north lies relative to the drawing sheet. Site plans are often rotated to fit the sheet, so the north point is essential for reading solar, access and orientation information correctly.

Question 9Graphics and Communication

In a detail drawing, hatching at 45 degrees with closely spaced parallel lines is applied to a cut surface. What does hatching on a section indicate?

  1. Void or open space within the construction
  2. Material that has been cut by the section plane Correct answer.
  3. Material that lies behind the section plane
  4. A change in drawing scale across the sheet

Explanation

Hatching is applied to surfaces intersected by the cutting plane so the reader can distinguish solid cut material from background elements. Different hatch patterns may also indicate different materials, and the spacing and angle help identify them.

Question 10Graphics and Communication

A dimension line on a construction drawing reads '2400' with no unit shown. What is the standard interpretation in a metric drawing?

  1. 2400 centimetres
  2. 2400 inches
  3. 2400 metres
  4. 2400 millimetres Correct answer.

Explanation

Metric construction drawings conventionally state dimensions in millimetres without the unit symbol, so a bare number is read as millimetres. This avoids ambiguity and keeps dimension strings compact across plans, sections and details.

Question 11Graphics and Communication

A drawing note specifies 'FFL +3.600'. Which interpretation is correct?

  1. Finished floor level is 3.600 millimetres below the datum
  2. Foundation footing level is 3.600 metres above the datum
  3. Finished floor level is 3.600 metres above the datum Correct answer.
  4. Finished floor level is 3.600 metres below natural ground level

Explanation

FFL stands for finished floor level, and the plus sign indicates a height above the project datum, measured in metres. Datum levels allow all trades to work from a single common reference across the site.

Question 12Graphics and Communication

Which projection method produces a three-dimensional view in which all three axes are drawn at 120 degrees to each other?

  1. Third angle orthographic projection
  2. Oblique projection
  3. Isometric projection Correct answer.
  4. Perspective projection

Explanation

Isometric projection draws the three principal axes 120 degrees apart, giving equal foreshortening along each axis and a recognisable three-dimensional pictorial view. It is widely used for presentation and assembly drawings because it preserves scale along the axes.

Question 13Graphics and Communication

A building section is cut through a stair. Which information is most appropriately communicated on this section rather than on the floor plan?

  1. The location of the stair relative to the site boundary
  2. The relationship between floor-to-floor height, riser count and headroom Correct answer.
  3. The plan width of the stairwell opening
  4. The door swing direction at the stair entry

Explanation

A section reveals vertical relationships, so it is the correct place to show floor-to-floor height, riser and tread geometry, and headroom clearances. These cannot be read reliably from a plan, which shows only horizontal arrangement.

Question 14Graphics and Communication

On a services drawing, which line convention typically distinguishes a concealed pipe from an exposed pipe?

  1. A hatched band for concealed and a double line for exposed
  2. A chain line for concealed and a dotted line for exposed
  3. A dashed line for concealed and a continuous line for exposed Correct answer.
  4. A continuous thick line for both concealed and exposed pipes

Explanation

Concealed services are conventionally drawn dashed or broken because they are hidden within the construction, while exposed services are drawn continuous. This mirrors the general drafting rule that hidden edges use dashed lines.

Question 15Graphics and Communication

A dimension is described as a 'running dimension' along a wall. What characterises this dimensioning method?

  1. All dimensions are measured from a single common datum point Correct answer.
  2. Only overall dimensions are given with no intermediate values
  3. Dimensions are placed on a separate schedule rather than the drawing
  4. Dimensions are chained end to end from each feature

Explanation

A running dimension measures every feature from one fixed datum, so errors do not accumulate along the wall. Chained dimensions, by contrast, are measured from feature to feature and can compound small setting-out errors.

Question 16Graphics and Communication

Which statement best describes the role of a construction detail drawing at 1:5 compared with a general arrangement plan at 1:100?

  1. The detail shows the whole building layout at a smaller scale
  2. The detail records only the site boundary and orientation
  3. The detail shows how specific components and junctions are assembled at a larger scale Correct answer.
  4. The detail replaces the need for any specification documentation

Explanation

Detail drawings are enlarged views that resolve how materials and components come together at junctions, where a general arrangement plan cannot show sufficient information. They complement rather than replace the specification and the wider plans.

Question 17Graphics and Communication

A drawing uses a leader line ending in a small filled circle on a surface. What does this convention normally indicate?

  1. A structural fixing point requiring a bolt
  2. A section cut taken at that location
  3. A reference to a detail or specification note applying to that surface Correct answer.
  4. A change of floor level at that point

Explanation

Leader lines with a filled dot or arrow terminate on the item being described and carry a note, material reference or detail callout. The dot anchors the annotation to the exact surface or component it concerns.

Question 18Graphics and Communication

A site plan shows a proposed building with a heavy continuous outline and an existing building with a lighter or dashed outline. Why is this distinction used?

  1. To distinguish public from private land
  2. To indicate which building has planning approval
  3. To show which building is taller
  4. To separate proposed work from existing construction that is to remain Correct answer.

Explanation

Drawings distinguish proposed work from existing fabric so that contractors can see what is new, what remains and what is to be demolished. Line weight and line style are the standard means of making this distinction legible.

Question 19Graphics and Communication

A drawing schedule lists windows W1 to W6 with sizes and types. What is the main benefit of using a schedule in construction documentation?

  1. It records the contractor's programme for installation
  2. It replaces the need for any plan showing window positions
  3. It consolidates repetitive component data so the drawing is not cluttered with repeated notes Correct answer.
  4. It provides the structural calculations for the window frames

Explanation

Schedules gather repeated information such as sizes, types and quantities into a table referenced by tags on the drawing. This keeps the drawing readable while ensuring every tagged item has a defined specification.

Question 20Graphics and Communication

A drawing is marked 'NTS'. How should the reader treat dimensions taken by scaling directly from the sheet?

  1. They should not be trusted; only the written dimensions are authoritative Correct answer.
  2. They are accurate only for vertical dimensions
  3. They are accurate if the drawing is printed at A1
  4. They are accurate to within one millimetre

Explanation

NTS means not to scale, so the graphic may have been stretched or reduced and scaled measurements will not match reality. Written dimensions govern, and any scaling from the sheet risks error.

Question 21Graphics and Communication

A plan shows a door tagged 'D4' and a door schedule lists D4 as 820 x 2040 mm, single leaf, solid core. What information does the tag on the plan provide?

  1. A cross-reference linking the door position to its scheduled specification Correct answer.
  2. The hardware set required for the door
  3. The fire rating of the door
  4. The installation sequence for the door

Explanation

Tags are short identifiers that link a location on the drawing to a fuller description in a schedule or specification. The reader follows the tag to obtain size, type and other properties.

Question 22Graphics and Communication

A section drawing shows a wall build-up with a vapour barrier positioned on the warm side of the insulation in a cold climate. Why does the drawing annotate the barrier position explicitly?

  1. Because the barrier fixes the acoustic performance of the wall
  2. Because the barrier determines the structural capacity of the wall
  3. Because the barrier sets the fire resistance rating of the wall
  4. Because the position controls where condensation is likely to form within the build-up Correct answer.

Explanation

Vapour barrier placement governs the temperature and moisture conditions within the wall, and incorrect positioning can cause interstitial condensation. Annotating it on the section ensures the intended build-up is constructed as designed.

Question 23Graphics and Communication

Which drawing would most appropriately show the relationship between a new building, the site boundaries, vehicle access and the location of services entering the site?

  1. Stair section at 1:20
  2. Door schedule
  3. Site plan Correct answer.
  4. Wall detail at 1:5

Explanation

The site plan shows the building in its wider context, including boundaries, access, levels and service entry points. Detail drawings and schedules deal with specific components rather than site-wide relationships.

Question 24Graphics and Communication

On a floor plan, a symbol consisting of a quarter-circle arc joined to a straight line at a door opening indicates what?

  1. The swing direction and leaf width of the door Correct answer.
  2. The fire compartment boundary at the opening
  3. The extent of a structural beam above
  4. The location of a floor drain

Explanation

The straight line represents the door leaf in its open position and the arc traces its swing, showing hinge side and swing direction. The radius of the arc corresponds to the leaf width, which helps check clearances.

Question 25Graphics and Communication

A contractor measures a dimension of 3000 mm from a 1:100 drawing using a scale rule but the written dimension states 2900 mm. Which value should be used, and why?

  1. 2900 mm, because written dimensions take precedence over scaled measurement Correct answer.
  2. 3000 mm, because the scale rule is calibrated
  3. Either value, because the difference is within tolerance
  4. 3000 mm, because the drawing is at 1:100

Explanation

Written dimensions are authoritative on a construction drawing; scaling is only a check and can be affected by printing, paper movement or drafting error. Where they conflict, the written figure governs and any discrepancy should be raised with the designer.

Question 26Graphics and Communication

A site layout plan uses a scale bar rather than only a written ratio. Why is a scale bar particularly useful when the drawing is reproduced or scanned?

  1. The scale bar changes size with the drawing so measurements remain valid after any enlargement.
  2. The scale bar replaces the need for written dimensions on the plan.
  3. The scale bar lets the reader measure distances without knowing the original drawing scale.
  4. The scale bar stays proportional to the drawing when it is enlarged or reduced, so a measurement can be compared against it. Correct answer.

Explanation

A graphic scale bar is drawn as part of the sheet, so if the sheet is enlarged or reduced the bar scales by the same factor as the drawing. The reader measures a distance and compares it to the bar, which remains valid. A written ratio alone becomes misleading once the reproduction factor is unknown.

Question 27Graphics and Communication

A drawing sheet is folded for filing so that the title block is visible without unfolding. Which sheet layout convention supports this?

  1. The title block is omitted and replaced by a drawing number in the margin.
  2. The title block is placed on the reverse of the sheet.
  3. The title block is placed in the bottom right corner of the sheet as drawn. Correct answer.
  4. The title block is repeated in every corner of the sheet.

Explanation

Standard drafting practice places the title block at the bottom right of the sheet, and folding conventions are designed so that this area ends up on the outside of the folded packet. This allows the drawing to be identified in a filing system without opening it.

Question 28Graphics and Communication

A construction drawing uses a broken line with long dashes and short gaps to show a feature above the cut plane. What does this convention normally indicate?

  1. A feature that is hidden below the ground floor.
  2. A feature that is drawn at a different scale from the rest of the sheet.
  3. A feature that has been deleted from the design.
  4. A feature that is located above the section or plan cut and is therefore shown dashed. Correct answer.

Explanation

Dashed or broken lines are used for elements that are not visible in the plane of the view, including features above the cut plane such as overhead beams or roof edges. The line type signals that the element is projected rather than cut.

Question 29Graphics and Communication

A detail drawing is annotated '50 x 50 x 5 EA' beside a steel angle. What does the 'EA' abbreviation most likely denote?

  1. Each assembly.
  2. Equal angle. Correct answer.
  3. External abutment.
  4. Elevation above.

Explanation

In structural steel annotation, EA commonly denotes an equal angle, with the three figures giving leg sizes and thickness. The notation is a compact way of specifying a standard section on a detail.

Question 30Graphics and Communication

A plan shows a stair with an arrow labelled 'UP 16R' running from the lower floor. How should this be interpreted?

  1. The stair rises 16 risers from the level shown on the plan. Correct answer.
  2. The stair is 16 metres long measured along the arrow.
  3. The stair has 16 treads in total including the landing.
  4. The stair serves 16 floors above the level shown.

Explanation

The 'UP' arrow indicates the direction of ascent, and the number preceding R gives the count of risers from the floor shown to the next level. Risers, not treads, are conventionally counted in this annotation.

Question 31Graphics and Communication

A drawing uses a centre line passing through a circular column on plan. What is the primary purpose of showing this centre line?

  1. To show the column is a temporary prop.
  2. To mark the column as a fire-rated element.
  3. To indicate the column is hollow.
  4. To locate the column's geometric centre for setting out and coordination. Correct answer.

Explanation

Centre lines mark axes of symmetry and geometric centres, allowing the column to be set out and coordinated with grids and other elements. They are a locating device rather than a description of material or function.

Question 32Graphics and Communication

A drawing is issued with a cloud around a revised area and a triangle containing the number 3 beside it. What does the triangle with the number normally indicate?

  1. The revision number corresponding to the clouded change. Correct answer.
  2. The third zone of a drawing grid.
  3. The drawing was checked three times.
  4. The third sheet in the drawing set.

Explanation

A revision cloud encloses changed work, and the adjacent triangle or bubble carries the revision identifier that matches the revision table. This links the change on the sheet to its recorded history.

Question 33Graphics and Communication

A general arrangement plan is drawn at 1:100 and a detail at 1:10. A wall shown 30 mm long on the detail corresponds to what length on the plan?

  1. 300 mm
  2. 3 mm Correct answer.
  3. 3000 mm
  4. 30 mm

Explanation

At 1:10, 30 mm on paper represents 300 mm in reality. At 1:100, 300 mm in reality is drawn as 3 mm on paper, so the same wall appears ten times smaller on the plan.

Question 34Graphics and Communication

A schedule lists a lintel as 'L3 - 1200 span, 100 x 150 precast'. Where on the drawing set would L3 most appropriately be referenced?

  1. On the site boundary plan only.
  2. On the plan or elevation where the opening it spans is shown, tagged L3. Correct answer.
  3. On the structural general notes only.
  4. On the fire strategy drawing only.

Explanation

Schedules work by cross-reference: the tag on the plan or elevation identifies which opening uses which scheduled item. The schedule then supplies the size and type without cluttering the drawing.

Question 35Graphics and Communication

An architect overlays a structural grid onto a services drawing to check coordination. Which outcome best demonstrates successful coordination?

  1. The structural grid is drawn in a contrasting colour on the overlay.
  2. The services routes avoid structural members and maintain the required clearances. Correct answer.
  3. The services drawing uses a different line weight from the structural drawing.
  4. The services drawing is issued before the structural drawing.

Explanation

Coordination overlays are used to detect clashes and confirm that routes, penetrations and clearances work with the structure. Avoiding members and preserving clearances is the practical test of a coordinated design.

Question 36Graphics and Communication

A section through a pitched roof shows a broken line continuing beyond the roof edge. What is the most likely reason for this convention?

  1. The roof is incomplete and awaiting design.
  2. The roof has been deleted from the scheme.
  3. The roof material is transparent.
  4. The element continues but is cut off by the extent of the view. Correct answer.

Explanation

A break line indicates that an element extends beyond the drawn extent and has been truncated to fit the view. It signals continuity rather than absence or a design gap.

Question 37Graphics and Communication

Two drawings of the same junction are issued: one at 1:20 and one at 1:5. Which statement best explains why the 1:5 drawing is more useful for the builder?

  1. The 1:5 drawing uses more colours to distinguish materials.
  2. The 1:5 drawing is always issued later in the programme.
  3. The 1:5 drawing covers a larger area of the building.
  4. The 1:5 drawing shows more constructional detail and tolerances than the 1:20 drawing. Correct answer.

Explanation

A larger scale allows more information per unit of building, so fixings, sealants, tolerances and interfaces can be shown clearly. The 1:5 drawing resolves the junction rather than merely locating it.

Question 38Graphics and Communication

A plan shows a hatched area labelled 'X' with a leader to a note reading 'see structural'. What is the most appropriate action for the reader?

  1. Treat the hatch as a revision cloud and check the revision table.
  2. Consult the structural drawings for the specification of the hatched element. Correct answer.
  3. Assume the hatched area is landscaping and ignore the note.
  4. Scale the hatched area to determine its material.

Explanation

A cross-reference note directs the reader to another document that holds the definitive information. The hatch identifies the element's location, while the structural drawings give its specification.

Question 39Graphics and Communication

A drawing set contains a plan, a section and an elevation of the same facade. A window appears in the plan as a gap in the wall and in the elevation as a rectangle with sill and head levels. What does the combination allow the reader to determine that the plan alone cannot?

  1. The window's structural lintel size.
  2. The window's width in plan.
  3. The window's position along the wall.
  4. The window's height and vertical position relative to floor levels. Correct answer.

Explanation

A plan shows position and width in the horizontal plane but cannot show height. The elevation supplies head and sill levels, so combining views gives the full three-dimensional setting of the window.

Question 40Graphics and Communication

A contractor receives a drawing marked 'Preliminary - not for construction'. What is the correct treatment of dimensions on that drawing?

  1. Use them for setting out because they are the latest issue.
  2. Use them for construction if the engineer confirms them verbally.
  3. Ignore the drawing entirely and build from the specification.
  4. Use them only for pricing and planning, and await a construction issue before building. Correct answer.

Explanation

A preliminary status warns that the information is not yet authorised for construction. Dimensions may change, so the drawing is suitable for planning and pricing but not for setting out or fabrication.

Question 41Materials and Their Properties

In construction studies, which property of a material describes its ability to resist indentation or scratching?

  1. Permeability
  2. Hardness Correct answer.
  3. Ductility
  4. Thermal conductivity

Explanation

Hardness measures how well a surface resists indentation, abrasion or scratching, which matters for floors, worktops and paving. The other listed properties describe deformation, fluid flow through pores, and heat transfer, none of which concern surface resistance to penetration.

Question 42Materials and Their Properties

A builder needs a material that can be bent into a curved arch profile on site without cracking. Which property is being relied upon?

  1. Density
  2. Flexibility Correct answer.
  3. Porosity
  4. Brittleness

Explanation

Flexibility allows a material to deform under bending stress without fracturing, which is exactly what forming a curved arch on site requires. Brittleness would cause sudden failure, while density and porosity describe mass and void content.

Question 43Materials and Their Properties

Which test is normally used to assess the compressive strength of concrete cubes or cylinders?

  1. Slump test
  2. Crushing in a compression testing machine Correct answer.
  3. Charpy impact test
  4. Tensile pull test

Explanation

Compressive strength of concrete is established by loading standard cubes or cylinders to failure in a compression testing machine and dividing the peak load by the cross-sectional area. The slump test measures workability, not strength, and the other tests address tension or impact.

Question 44Materials and Their Properties

Which constituent of ordinary Portland cement is chiefly responsible for early strength gain?

  1. Tricalcium aluminate
  2. Tricalcium silicate Correct answer.
  3. Dicalcium silicate
  4. Gypsum

Explanation

Tricalcium silicate hydrates rapidly and is the main contributor to early strength development in Portland cement. Dicalcium silicate contributes mainly to later strength, while gypsum is added to control setting.

Question 45Materials and Their Properties

Why is gypsum added to clinker during the manufacture of Portland cement?

  1. To retard the flash set of the cement Correct answer.
  2. To lower the density of the powder
  3. To improve the colour of the finished concrete
  4. To increase the ultimate compressive strength

Explanation

Gypsum acts as a set regulator: without it, tricalcium aluminate would react with water very rapidly and cause flash set. A controlled addition gives enough working time for placing and finishing.

Question 46Materials and Their Properties

A concrete mix is specified with a low water-cement ratio. What is the principal effect on the hardened concrete?

  1. Reduced cement content for the same strength
  2. Higher strength and lower permeability Correct answer.
  3. Increased workability with unchanged strength
  4. Higher porosity and lower strength

Explanation

Reducing the water-cement ratio lowers capillary porosity in the hardened paste, which raises strength and reduces permeability. The trade-off is reduced workability in the fresh state, which must be managed with admixtures or compaction.

Question 47Materials and Their Properties

Which material is typically used as a lightweight aggregate to reduce the self-weight of structural concrete?

  1. Crushed granite
  2. River sand
  3. Ground limestone
  4. Expanded clay pellets Correct answer.

Explanation

Expanded clay pellets have a porous, vesicular structure that gives a much lower particle density than normal aggregates, so concrete made with them is lighter. Granite, sand and limestone are normal-density aggregates.

Question 48Materials and Their Properties

Which of the following best describes the function of a plasticiser in a concrete mix?

  1. It seals the surface against water penetration
  2. It increases workability at a given water content Correct answer.
  3. It raises the density of the hardened concrete
  4. It accelerates the setting time of the paste

Explanation

A plasticiser is a water-reducing admixture that improves workability without adding water, or allows water content to be cut at the same slump. Accelerators, sealers and densifiers perform the other listed roles.

Question 49Materials and Their Properties

Which timber defect is caused by the tree being cut before the heartwood has matured, leaving a soft core?

  1. Brittleheart Correct answer.
  2. Knots
  3. Wane
  4. Shakes

Explanation

Brittleheart is a defect in which the core of the log is weak and brittle because the tree was felled before the wood was fully mature. Shakes are splits, knots are embedded branch bases, and wane is missing bark edge.

Question 50Materials and Their Properties

Seasoning of timber before use mainly achieves which outcome?

  1. It converts sapwood into heartwood
  2. It increases the moisture content to improve machining
  3. It reduces moisture content to limit shrinkage and movement in service Correct answer.
  4. It sterilises the timber against all insect attack permanently

Explanation

Seasoning dries timber to a moisture content near its service equilibrium, which limits subsequent shrinkage, distortion and joint movement. It does not turn sapwood into heartwood or give permanent protection against insects.