ie-mgds-rcsi cheat sheet

Tooth notation: FDI two-digit system uses quadrant (1-4 upper right to lower left in permanent dentition) plus tooth number 1-8 from midline; universal numbering runs 1-32 clockwise from upper right third molar.

Eruption timing (primary): mandibular central incisors ~6-10 months, first primary molars ~13-19 months; permanent first molars and mandibular central incisors erupt ~6-7 years.

Local anaesthetic maximum doses (adult, 70 kg): lidocaine 2% with 1:100,000 epinephrine ~4.4 mg/kg (max ~300 mg); articaine 4% ~7 mg/kg (max ~500 mg); prilocaine ~8 mg/kg (max ~600 mg).

Pulpal diagnosis categories: reversible pulpitis (provoked, brief pain), irreversible pulpitis (spontaneous or lingering pain), necrotic pulp (no response to thermal/EPT), previously treated.

Periodontal staging (2018 classification): Stage I-III by interdental CAL (1-2 mm, 3-4 mm, ≥5 mm) and Stage IV by need for complex rehabilitation; grading A-C by progression rate (bone loss / age ratio).

Dental trauma: avulsed permanent tooth - handle by crown, store in saline/milk/HBSS, replant within 60 minutes if possible, splint flexibly 2 weeks; do not replant primary teeth.

Antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis is reserved for highest-risk cardiac conditions (prosthetic valve, previous IE, certain congenital heart disease); single dose amoxicillin 2 g 30-60 min pre-procedure.

Local haemostasis in dental surgery: direct pressure, suturing, topical haemostatic agents (oxidised cellulose, tranexamic acid rinse 4.8%); check INR for warfarin patients - >4.0 warrants liaison before extraction.

No authoritative domain taxonomy was available in the retrieved source; content here reflects commonly examined general dental surgery themes and should be treated as provisional.

Restorative materials: amalgam has high compressive strength and no adhesive bond; composite relies on enamel/dentin bonding and is technique-sensitive to moisture.

Caries risk assessment incorporates diet (fermentable carbohydrate frequency), fluoride exposure, salivary flow, plaque control, and past caries experience.

Endodontic working length is determined by apex locator and confirmed radiographically; biomechanical preparation uses crown-down or step-back concepts with copious irrigation (NaOCl 0.5-5.25%).

Oral medicine red flags: persistent ulcer >3 weeks, induration, unilateral symptoms, unexplained bleeding, or cervical lymphadenopathy warrant urgent referral for suspected malignancy.

Medical emergencies in the dental chair: syncope (supine, legs raised), hypoglycaemia (oral glucose if conscious), anaphylaxis (IM adrenaline 0.5 mg 1:1000 adult), angina (GTN sublingual).

Infection control: single-use items for needles and sharps; autoclave validation with biological indicators; hand hygiene per WHO five moments; sharps disposed immediately in UN-approved containers.

Radiographic selection follows ALARA and IR(ME)R principles: justify each exposure, use rectangular collimation and digital receptors, and apply a 2 mm lead-equivalent apron where appropriate.