ie-mgds-rcsi flashcards

31 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

FDI tooth numbering

Two-digit system: first digit is quadrant (1 upper right, 2 upper left, 3 lower left, 4 lower right), second digit is tooth position 1-8 from the midline.

Universal tooth numbering

Numbering 1-32 starting at the upper right third molar and proceeding clockwise; lower right third molar is 32.

Reversible pulpitis

Sharp, brief pain provoked by thermal or osmotic stimulus that resolves quickly after removal of the stimulus; pulp remains vital and conservative treatment may suffice.

Irreversible pulpitis

Spontaneous or lingering pain, often worse at night, with prolonged response to cold testing; indicates pulp that cannot heal and requires root canal treatment or extraction.

Necrotic pulp

Pulp that fails to respond to thermal and electric pulp testing; may be asymptomatic or associated with apical periodontitis and requires endodontic management.

Periodontal Stage I-III

Staging by interdental clinical attachment loss: Stage I 1-2 mm, Stage II 3-4 mm, Stage III 5 mm or more; Stage IV adds need for complex rehabilitation.

Periodontal Grade A-C

Grading reflects rate of progression using radiographic bone loss divided by age: Grade A under 0.25, Grade B 0.25-1.0, Grade C above 1.0.

Avulsed tooth storage

Store in saline, milk, or Hank balanced salt solution; avoid dry storage. Replant promptly, ideally within 60 minutes, and apply a flexible splint for about two weeks.

Lidocaine maximum dose

For a healthy adult, lidocaine 2% with epinephrine is limited to roughly 4.4 mg/kg, approximately 300 mg or about 15 mL of 2% solution.

Articaine maximum dose

Articaine 4% with epinephrine permits about 7 mg/kg, approximately 500 mg in a healthy adult; contains a thiophene ring and is metabolised in plasma.

IE prophylaxis indication

Reserved for highest-risk cardiac conditions such as prosthetic valves, previous infective endocarditis, or certain unrepaired cyanotic congenital heart disease.

Warfarin and extraction

Check INR before invasive dental treatment; an INR above 4.0 or unstable readings warrant liaison with the anticoagulation team before extraction.

Tranexamic acid mouthwash

4.8% tranexamic acid rinse used four times daily for several days post-operatively to reduce bleeding in patients on anticoagulants or with bleeding tendency.

Amalgam properties

Silver-tin-mercury alloy with high compressive strength and durability but no adhesive bond to tooth; requires mechanical retention and contributes to mercury waste regulation.

Composite bonding

Resin-based restoration bonded via etch-and-rinse or self-etch adhesives; moisture control is critical because contamination reduces bond strength.

Caries risk factors

Frequent fermentable carbohydrate intake, inadequate fluoride, reduced salivary flow, poor plaque control, and previous caries experience all raise caries risk.

Working length determination

Apex locator readings combined with periapical radiographs establish working length; the canal is prepared to the apical constriction, generally 0.5-1 mm short of the radiographic apex.

Sodium hypochlorite irrigation

Concentrations of 0.5-5.25% dissolve organic tissue and disinfect the canal; extrusion beyond the apex risks severe tissue damage and nerve injury.

Oral ulcer red flag

An ulcer persisting beyond three weeks, with induration, fixity, or cervical lymphadenopathy, warrants urgent referral for suspected oral malignancy.

Syncope management

Lay the patient supine with legs elevated, loosen tight clothing, ensure airway patency, and monitor; most vasovagal episodes resolve spontaneously within minutes.

Anaphylaxis management

Give intramuscular adrenaline 0.5 mg of 1:1000 into the anterolateral thigh, call emergency services, and repeat after five minutes if no improvement.

Hypoglycaemia management

In a conscious patient give oral glucose or sugary drink; if unconscious, summon emergency help and administer glucagon or intravenous glucose as available.

Autoclave validation

Sterilisation is monitored by physical parameters, chemical indicators, and periodic biological indicators such as Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores.

Sharps disposal

Needles must not be recapped by hand; dispose immediately into a rigid, UN-approved sharps container filled no more than three-quarters.

ALARA principle

Radiographs should be as low as reasonably achievable: justify every exposure, use rectangular collimation, digital receptors, and appropriate lead protection.

Primary tooth eruption

Mandibular central incisors erupt around 6-10 months; primary first molars around 13-19 months; most primary teeth are present by 24-30 months.

Permanent first molar

Erupts around 6-7 years behind the primary second molar without replacing a deciduous tooth, so it is often mistaken for a primary tooth.

Dental trauma splinting

Flexible splint for avulsed or luxated permanent teeth, typically 2 weeks for avulsion and up to 4 weeks for root fractures, using wire and composite.

Prilocaine maximum dose

Approximately 8 mg/kg, around 600 mg in a healthy adult; metabolised to o-toluidine, so methaemoglobinaemia is a recognised rare adverse effect.

Inferior alveolar block

Injection targeting the inferior alveolar nerve near the mandibular lingula; provides pulpal anaesthesia for mandibular molars and premolars on that side.

Antibiotic stewardship in dentistry

Antibiotics are adjunctive to drainage and definitive treatment; they are not indicated for uncomplicated pulpitis, dry socket, or routine extraction prophylaxis.