IHMM CSMP cheat sheet

Heinrich's triangle: for every 1 serious injury there are roughly 29 minor injuries and 300 no-injury incidents; ratios are illustrative, not universal constants.

Total Recordable Incident Rate (TRIR) = (recordable cases × 200,000) / total hours worked; 200,000 = 100 workers × 40 hours × 50 weeks.

Days Away, Restricted, or Transferred (DART) rate uses the same 200,000-hour base with DART cases in the numerator.

Severity rate = (days away from work × 200,000) / total hours worked.

Hierarchy of controls, most to least effective: elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, PPE.

Leading indicators (near-miss reports, training completion, inspection closure rates) predict future performance; lagging indicators (TRIR, DART) measure past outcomes.

Management of change requires review of process, equipment, and personnel changes before implementation, with updated hazard analysis and training.

A safety committee is effective when it has written authority, scheduled meetings, documented minutes, and tracked corrective actions with owners and due dates.

Exposure assessment follows the ANSI/AIHA Z10 and OSHA hierarchy: anticipate, recognize, evaluate, control, confirm.

TLV-TWA is an 8-hour time-weighted average; TLV-STEL is a 15-minute average not to be exceeded more than 4 times per day with 60 minutes between excursions; TLV-C is a ceiling never to be exceeded.

TWA = Σ(Ci × Ti) / 8, where Ci is concentration in ppm or mg/m³ during interval Ti in hours.

Mixture rule: Σ(Ci / TLVi) > 1 indicates an overexposure to a mixture of substances with similar health effects.

Respiratory protection assigned protection factor (APF) = outside concentration / inside concentration; a half-mask APR has an APF of 10, a full-face APR 50, a full-face supplied-air respirator 1,000.

Noise: OSHA permissible exposure limit is 90 dBA as an 8-hour TWA; exchange rate is 5 dB, so 95 dBA is allowed for 4 hours.

Hearing conservation program is triggered at 85 dBA 8-hour TWA; audiometric testing is baseline plus annual.

Sampling pump flow rate calibration uses a primary standard (bubble flow meter) before and after sampling; record pre- and post-calibration.

DOT hazard classes: 1 explosives, 2 gases, 3 flammable liquids, 4 flammable solids, 5 oxidizers/organic peroxides, 6 toxic/infectious, 7 radioactive, 8 corrosive, 9 miscellaneous.

A DOT placard is required when a shipment contains 1,001 lb or more of a single hazard class in a transport vehicle (except bulk packages and certain materials).

GHS/OSHA HazCom 2012 requires 16-section safety data sheets and pictograms for physical, health, and environmental hazards.

NFPA 704 diamond: blue = health, red = flammability, yellow = instability, white = special hazards (OX, W, SA).

Flash point is the lowest temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapor to ignite; a flammable liquid has a flash point below 100°F (37.8°C).

Class I flammable liquids are divided into IA (flash point < 73°F, boiling point < 100°F), IB (< 73°F, BP ≥ 100°F), and IC (73–100°F).

RCRA characteristic wastes: ignitability (D001), corrosivity (D002, pH ≤ 2 or ≥ 12.5), reactivity (D003), toxicity (D004–D043).

A large-quantity generator (LQG) generates ≥ 1,000 kg/month of hazardous waste; a small-quantity generator generates 100–1,000 kg/month.

Risk = probability (likelihood) × severity (consequence); a risk matrix scores each axis and the product determines the risk level.

ALARP principle: risk must be reduced as low as reasonably practicable; residual risk must be documented and accepted by an authorized person.

Hazard analysis techniques: HAZOP (process deviations), FMEA (failure modes and effects), fault tree (top-down deductive), event tree (bottom-up inductive), bow-tie (barriers to top event).

Risk score = likelihood × severity on a 5×5 matrix; scores of 15–25 are typically high risk requiring immediate action.

Bow-tie model: threats → preventive barriers → top event → mitigating barriers → consequences.

Qualitative risk assessment uses descriptive categories; semi-quantitative uses numeric scales; quantitative uses frequency and consequence data (e.g., QRA).

Risk register entries include hazard description, likelihood, severity, risk rating, control measures, residual risk, owner, and review date.

Risk assessment must be reviewed when there is a change in process, equipment, personnel, or after an incident or near miss.

OSHA General Duty Clause (Section 5(a)(1)) requires employers to provide a workplace free from recognized hazards likely to cause death or serious physical harm.

OSHA 300 Log must be posted annually from February 1 to April 30; recordable cases include death, days away, restricted work, medical treatment beyond first aid, or loss of consciousness.

OSHA 300A summary must be certified by a company executive and retained for 5 years.

Recordkeeping exemptions: establishments with ≤ 10 employees in certain low-hazard industries are partially exempt from routine recordkeeping.

EPA EPCRA Tier II reports are due March 1 annually for facilities storing hazardous chemicals at or above threshold planning quantities.

RCRA hazardous waste manifests use the Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest (EPA Form 8700-22); generators retain a copy for 3 years.

Clean Air Act Section 112(r) Risk Management Program applies to facilities with regulated substances above threshold quantities; plans must be updated every 5 years.

OSHA inspection priorities: imminent danger, fatality/catastrophe, employee complaints, programmed inspections, follow-up inspections.

Investigation sequence: secure the scene, preserve evidence, gather facts, analyze causes, determine root cause, recommend corrective actions, verify implementation.

Root cause analysis tools: 5 Whys, fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram, fault tree, cause-and-effect matrix, and barrier analysis.

The 5 Whys technique repeatedly asks 'why' until the fundamental cause is reached; typically 5 iterations are sufficient.

Fishbone categories: people, methods, machines, materials, measurement, and environment (6M).

Incident report should include date/time, location, personnel involved, injury/illness details, equipment, sequence of events, contributing factors, and corrective actions.

Corrective actions must be assigned an owner, due date, and verification method; close-out requires evidence of implementation.

OSHA must be notified of a fatality within 8 hours and an in-patient hospitalization, amputation, or loss of an eye within 24 hours.

A near miss is an incident with no injury or damage but with potential for harm; it should be investigated with the same rigor as an injury.

Emergency Action Plan (EAP) elements: reporting procedures, evacuation routes, employee accountability, rescue and medical duties, alarm systems, and training.

Emergency response levels: Level I (local/incidental), Level II (facility-wide), Level III (community-wide).

Fire extinguisher classes: A (ordinary combustibles), B (flammable liquids), C (electrical), D (combustible metals), K (cooking oils).

PASS technique: Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep.

Emergency evacuation assembly areas must be at a safe distance and upwind; headcount must be reconciled against the roster.

Drills should be conducted at least annually (OSHA 1910.38) and documented with date, participants, scenario, and lessons learned.

Spill response: stop the source, contain the spill, protect drains, notify, clean up, and dispose of waste per RCRA.

Business continuity planning includes a business impact analysis, recovery time objectives, and alternate site arrangements.

ANSI/AIHA Z10 and ISO 45001 share the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle: policy, planning, implementation, evaluation, and management review.

ISO 45001 requires documented scope, leadership commitment, worker participation, hazard identification, legal compliance, objectives, and continual improvement.

Safety management system elements: management leadership, worker participation, hazard identification and assessment, hazard prevention and control, education and training, evaluation and improvement.

Leading indicators in an SMS include near-miss reporting rate, training hours, audit findings closed on time, and safety observation frequency.

A safety policy must be signed by top management, communicated to all workers, and reviewed periodically.

Management review of the SMS occurs at planned intervals and addresses audit results, incident trends, legal changes, and resource needs.

Contractor safety management includes prequalification, site-specific orientation, permit-to-work, and performance monitoring.

Audit findings should be categorized (major, minor, observation) and tracked to closure with corrective action verification.