IHMM CSMP flashcards

39 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

TRIR formula

Total Recordable Incident Rate equals recordable cases multiplied by 200,000, divided by total hours worked. The 200,000 constant represents 100 full-time workers at 40 hours per week for 50 weeks.

DART rate

Days Away, Restricted, or Transferred rate equals DART cases multiplied by 200,000 divided by total hours worked. It tracks more serious cases than TRIR and is used for benchmarking.

Hierarchy of controls

Ranked from most to least effective: elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment. Controls higher on the list protect more workers and rely less on individual behavior.

Heinrich's safety triangle

A model showing that for every serious injury there are roughly 29 minor injuries and 300 no-injury incidents. It illustrates that reducing near misses and minor incidents can reduce serious injuries.

Management of change

A formal process to review proposed changes in process, equipment, materials, or personnel before implementation. It requires updated hazard analysis, procedures, training, and communication.

TLV-TWA

Threshold Limit Value–Time-Weighted Average is the average airborne concentration for a conventional 8-hour workday and 40-hour workweek to which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed without adverse effect.

TLV-STEL

Threshold Limit Value–Short-Term Exposure Limit is a 15-minute time-weighted average that should not be exceeded at any time during the workday, with at least 60 minutes between exposures and no more than four per day.

TWA calculation

Time-weighted average equals the sum of each concentration multiplied by its exposure duration in hours, divided by 8. It is used to compare full-shift exposures against an 8-hour limit.

Mixture rule

For substances with similar health effects, add the ratios of each measured concentration to its exposure limit. If the sum exceeds 1, the combined exposure is considered over the limit.

Assigned protection factor

The APF is the expected workplace level of respiratory protection provided by a properly functioning respirator. It equals the outside concentration divided by the inside concentration.

Noise exchange rate

OSHA uses a 5 dB exchange rate: each 5 dBA increase halves the allowable exposure time. Thus 90 dBA is permitted for 8 hours and 95 dBA for 4 hours.

Hearing conservation trigger

An OSHA hearing conservation program is required when noise exposure reaches or exceeds 85 dBA as an 8-hour TWA. It includes monitoring, audiometric testing, training, and hearing protection.

DOT hazard classes

Nine classes: explosives, gases, flammable liquids, flammable solids, oxidizers and organic peroxides, toxic and infectious substances, radioactive, corrosive, and miscellaneous. Each class has specific packaging and labeling rules.

NFPA 704 diamond

A hazard identification symbol with four quadrants: blue for health, red for flammability, yellow for instability, and white for special hazards such as oxidizers, water reactivity, or asphyxiants.

Flash point

The lowest temperature at which a liquid releases enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air near its surface. Liquids with flash points below 100 degrees Fahrenheit are flammable.

RCRA characteristic wastes

Wastes exhibiting ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity. Corrosive wastes have pH less than or equal to 2 or greater than or equal to 12.5. Toxicity is determined by the TCLP test.

Safety data sheet sections

OSHA HazCom requires 16 sections, including identification, hazard identification, composition, first-aid, firefighting, accidental release, handling and storage, exposure controls, physical properties, stability, toxicology, and disposal.

Risk equation

Risk equals likelihood multiplied by severity. Both factors are scored on a matrix, and the product determines whether the risk is acceptable, requires controls, or needs immediate action.

ALARP principle

Risk should be reduced as low as reasonably practicable, balancing the cost of further controls against the benefit gained. Residual risk must be documented and accepted by an authorized person.

HAZOP study

A structured hazard analysis that applies guide words such as no, more, less, and reverse to process parameters to identify deviations, causes, consequences, and safeguards in a system.

Bow-tie analysis

A diagram linking threats through preventive barriers to a top event, then through mitigating barriers to consequences. It visually shows where controls exist and where gaps remain.

Risk register

A living document listing each identified hazard with its likelihood, severity, risk rating, existing controls, residual risk, responsible owner, and review date.

General Duty Clause

OSHA Section 5(a)(1) requires employers to provide a workplace free from recognized hazards likely to cause death or serious physical harm, even when no specific standard applies.

OSHA 300 log posting

The OSHA 300 Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses must be posted from February 1 through April 30 each year. The 300A summary must be certified by a company executive.

EPCRA Tier II deadline

Facilities storing hazardous chemicals at or above threshold planning quantities must submit Tier II inventory reports to state and local agencies by March 1 each year.

OSHA fatality reporting

Employers must report a work-related fatality to OSHA within 8 hours and an in-patient hospitalization, amputation, or loss of an eye within 24 hours.

Root cause analysis

A structured method to identify the fundamental reason an incident occurred rather than the immediate cause. Common tools include 5 Whys, fishbone diagrams, fault trees, and barrier analysis.

Five Whys technique

Repeatedly asking why an event occurred, typically five times, to move from the immediate cause to the underlying system or management failure. Each answer forms the basis for the next question.

Fishbone diagram

A cause-and-effect diagram organizing potential causes into categories such as people, methods, machines, materials, measurement, and environment. It helps teams explore contributing factors systematically.

Near miss

An unplanned event that did not result in injury, illness, or damage but had the potential to do so. Near misses should be reported and investigated to prevent more serious incidents.

PASS technique

A fire extinguisher procedure: Pull the pin, Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire, Squeeze the handle, and Sweep side to side until the fire is out.

Emergency action plan

A written plan covering reporting procedures, evacuation routes, employee accountability, rescue and medical duties, alarm systems, and training. It must be reviewed with employees when roles change.

Evacuation drill frequency

OSHA requires emergency action plan drills at least annually for employers covered by 1910.38. Drills should be documented with date, participants, scenario, and lessons learned.

Fire extinguisher classes

Class A for ordinary combustibles, B for flammable liquids, C for energized electrical equipment, D for combustible metals, and K for cooking oils and fats.

ISO 45001 framework

An international occupational health and safety management system standard built on the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle. It requires leadership commitment, worker participation, hazard identification, and continual improvement.

PDCA cycle

Plan-Do-Check-Act is the continuous improvement cycle underlying safety management systems. Plan sets objectives and controls, Do implements, Check monitors, and Act improves.

Leading indicators

Proactive measures that predict future safety performance, such as near-miss reporting rates, training completion, inspection closure rates, and safety observation frequency. They differ from lagging outcome measures.

Management review

A planned periodic review by top management of the safety management system's suitability and effectiveness. It addresses audit results, incident trends, legal changes, and resource needs.

Contractor safety management

A process to prequalify contractors, provide site-specific orientation, control work through permits, and monitor performance. It ensures contractors meet the same safety expectations as employees.